医学英语阅读（第1册）Unit 5 The Digestive System.pptx

The Digestive System;Contents;Warm-up activity;4;Terminology;Terminology;Terminology;Terminology;Terminology;Terminology;Terminology;Terminology;Terminology;Terminology;Terminology;Terminology;Terminology;Terminology;Terminology;Gastrointestinal System Process: unconsciously controlled Function: physical and chemical breakdown of food Includes alimentary canal and accessory organs Accessory organs: Salivary glands, tongue, teeth, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas;Chemical Digestion;Sphincter--a circular muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural orifice (opening) Cardiac sphincter Pyloric sphincter Food sits in stomach for 1-4 hours. Gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid- activates pepsin, kills bacteria.;Small intestine: not so small! Duodenum- 1st 10 inches. Bile and pancreatic juice enter here Jejunum- next 8 ft. Ileum- final 12 ft. When food leaves small intestine, digestion is complete;Small intestine has lots of enzymes: peptidases maltase, sucrase, lactase, amylase. Lipase Bile Digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream. ;But Wait! What about the accessory organs: Liver, gallbladder and pancreas;Gallbladder-- stores and concentrates bile Pancreas-- produces insulin, trypsin, amylase and lipase. Insulin regulates the uptake of glucose by the cells ;Large intestine-- separated from small intestine by ileocecal valve. Final absorption of water, storage of indigestible material, absorption of vitamins B and K by bacteria. Colon connects to rectum-- anal canal opens to the anus (final opening). Fecal material is expelled.;Mechanical Digestion;Teeth;The Tongue;;Quiz on Comprehension;Introduction: Question;Introduction: Answer;Introduction: Question;Introduction: Answer;Functional Anatomy of the Upper GI Tract: Question;Functional Anatomy of the Upper GI Tract: Answer;Functional Anatomy of the Upper GI Tract: Question;Functional Anatomy of the Upper GI Tract: Answer;Functional Anatomy of the Large Intestine: Question;Functio