语法通霸，值得推荐的一本书.docVIP

PAGE 3 2015版 非谓语 在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再出现动词时，要变成非谓语形式。(参看P. PAGEREF 谓语和非谓语 \h 62 REF 谓语和非谓语 \r \h 考点4) 英语中非谓语动词包括：动名词、现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式。无论它们在句中作什么成分，他们都保持着自己本身的属性特点。 动名词：具有名词功能，常在句中作主语、宾语，作定语时表功能； 现在分词: 表主动和正在进行, 常在句中作定语、状语、宾补； 过去分词：被动和已完成，常在句中作定语、状语、补语； 动词不定式：表将来具体某一次，常在句中作主语、定语、状语、补语、宾语等。 要学好非谓语，掌握它们的本身属性很关键。 动词-ed形式和-ing形式的构成规则 动词的过去式和过去分词一般都是在词尾加-ed，一般过去时中谓语用动词的过去式形式；被动语态和非谓语中用动词的过去分词形式。 动名词和现在分词一般都是在词尾加-ing 规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则 一般在词尾直接加-ed，清辅音后读???，浊辅音和原音后读???，在???和???后读???? work — worked — worked ??????? play — played— played ???????wash — washed— washed ??????clean — cleaned— cleaned ????????watch — watched— watched ???????brush — brushed— brushed ???????plant—planted —planted ??????????? 以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加-d live — lived — lived ???????close — closed — closed ????????like — liked — liked ??????? 以 辅音字母+y结尾的，变-y为-i加-ed study — studied — studied ?????????carry — carried — carried ????????worry — worried — worried ???????? 以 重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的 辅音字母+ed stop — stopped — stopped ???????plan — planned — planned ??????? 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词 have — had — haddo — did — doneget — got— got/gotten go — went — goneread — read ????? read ?????say — said ?????— said ?????become — became — becomeeat — ate ?????— ate ????????see — saw ?????— seen ?????? feel — felt— feltsweep—swept—sweptdrink — drank— dranksit — sat— satteach — taught— taughtcatch — caught— caught 不规则动词的过去式过去分词表参看附录部分 写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 ??? playfly throwplan stopfight buyteach catchsing hang(悬挂)hang(绞死) watchride writetear wearstudy carrylay lie（平躺）eat freezefound findshoot feedread coststick dighear hithurt leaddraw growspit beatmean dealdream learnshine speakforgive begin 现在分词和动名词的构成规则 动名词和现在分词一般都是在词尾加-ing 一般情况下直接加-ing think — thinking sleep — sleepingstudy — studying speak — speakingsay — saying carry — carrying 以不发音的字母-e结尾的单词，去掉字母-e，再加-ing wake — waking make — makingcome — coming