《眼镜学》第4章眼用棱镜及透镜的棱镜效果研究生.pptx

眼用棱镜和透镜的棱镜效果Ophthalmic Prism Prismatic Effects眼用棱镜Ophthalmic Prism? 眼用棱镜的结构与光学性质? 眼用棱镜屈光力? 眼用棱镜处方与棱镜底向标记? 棱镜的厚度差? 棱镜屈光力的合成与分解? 旋转棱镜与视近有效棱镜屈光力?菲涅耳棱镜贴膜眼用棱镜Ophthalmic Prism? 眼用棱镜的结构与光学性质? 眼用棱镜屈光力? 眼用棱镜处方与棱镜底向标记? 棱镜的厚度差? 棱镜屈光力的合成与分解? 旋转棱镜与视近有效棱镜屈光力?菲涅耳棱镜贴膜眼用棱镜的结构屈光面 (Refracting surfaces)棱 (edge)顶 (apex)顶角 (apical angle)底 (base)底顶线 (base-apex line)主截面 (principle section)4眼用棱镜的光学性质The effect of a prism on incident lightB’BThe emergent light is deviated towards its baseThe image is deviated towards its apex?Vergence is constant5Effect of a prism on a crossline chartThe crossline will appear displaced towards the prism apexThe displacement will in proportion to the distance between prismand object眼用棱镜Ophthalmic Prism? 眼用棱镜的结构与光学性质? 眼用棱镜屈光力? 眼用棱镜处方与棱镜底向标记? 棱镜的厚度差? 棱镜屈光力的合成与分解? 旋转棱镜与视近有效棱镜屈光力? 菲涅耳棱镜贴膜眼用棱镜的屈光力Units of prism powerInter-relationship of prism unitsUnits of prism power顶角 apical angle（a）偏向角 angle of deviation（d）棱镜度 prism diopter（△）厘弧度 centrad（▽）顶角 apical angleThe angle between two refracting surfaceThe power of a prism is expressed in termsof apical anglerecord： 10 °aDisadvantage:– Deviation is both in proportion to the apicalangle and refractive indexa偏向角 angle of deviationAngle between incident light and emergent lightrecord： 8 ° dadvantage：– Consider the refractive index on deviating effectdisadvantage：a– inconvenientd ? (n ?1)adInter-relationship of apical angle and diviation of anglei = a, d = i′- ii′= d + i = a + dn′×sina = n× sin (d + a)n′×a = n× d + n×aaii’（a and d is calculated by radian)n ×a = d + a或 d =（n -1）× ad棱镜度 prism diopterPrentice advocate△1 ：1 unit displacement on at distance 100 units???△ △P = 100 tan ( d ) 1 = 0.57294 ° dAdvantage: convenientDisadvantage: the tangent of an angle does not increase at the same rate as the angle厘弧度 centrad1/100 part of radian? 1 radian = 180/π= 57.296 °? 1 centrad = 0.57296 °(1▽ = 0.57296 °)??▽d = 1.745Prism diopter and centrad practically equal when theywere using in the ophthalmic prismInter-relationship of pri