生物柴油-未来可再生燃料.pptVIP

直接使用和混合法 微乳法 物理方法,单易行,能降低动植物油的黏度,十六烷值不高,燃烧中积炭及润滑油污染等问题难以解决 高温热裂解法 过程简单,没有污染物产生, 在高温下进行,需催化剂,裂解设备昂贵,反应程度难控制,且高温裂解法主要产品是生物汽油,生物柴油产量不高 酸催化法－法适用于游离脂肪酸和水分含量高的油脂制备生物柴油,其产率高,但反应温度和压力高,甲醇用量大,反应速度慢,反应设备需要不锈钢材料 碱催化法－可在低温下获得较高产率,但它对原料中游离脂肪酸和水含量却有较高要求 酶催化法－脂肪酶来源广泛,具有选择性、底物与功能团专一性,在非水相中能发生催化水解、酯合成、转酯化等多种反应,且反应条件温和,无需辅助因子。脂肪酶在有机溶剂中易聚集，短链醇对酶有一定的毒性,使酶的使用寿命缩短，的价格昂贵,生产成本较高 超临界酯交换法 Significantly lower air pollutant emissions Can be blended with conventional diesel Enhanced lubricity for engines Allows for the recycling of waste vegetable oils More biodegradable and less toxic than conventional diesel Sustainable and renewable fuel Availability of assumption of waste oil and grease in china (3 million t/y) Official data indicated that 19.14 million tons were consumed in the year 2005 in China. According to specialists, out of the edible oil consumed in food industry, about 50% is eaten, 15% is lost during cooking, 35% goes to the drainage system and become waste grease and oils. Biodiesel A renewable fuel of tomorrow What is biodiesel 1 2 Why biodiesel 3 3 Production of biodiesel 4 4 Current development of biodiesel Number of publications and patents about biodiesel in the past few years (Chemical Abstracts database in July of 2006 using biodiesel as keyword). Number of publications about additives for diesel-biodiesel blends (Chemical Abstracts database in July of 2006 using biodiesel and additives as keywords). Energy Fuels 2007, 21, 2433-2445 Nothing new! Rudolph Diesel ran first diesel engine on peanut oil in 1895 Biodiesel is defined as the mono alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, for use in compression－ignition (diesel) engines. This specification is for pure (100%) biodiesel prior to use or blending with diesel fuel. “bio” represents the renewable and biological source in contrast to petroleum-based diesel fuel “diesel” refers to its use in diesel engines ----National Biodiesel Board E. Lois, Fuel 2007, 86, 1212 Biodiesel Bl