自动化专业英语课文翻译1.1.pdfVIP

Lesson 1.1 Introduction to Process Control • In recent years the performance requirements for process plant have become increasingly difficult to satisfy. 近年来，对过 程系统的性能改善需求变得越来越困难. • Stronger competition, tougher (更 加 严 苛 的 ) environmental and safety regulations (法规), and rapidly changing economic conditions have been key factors in the tightening of plant product quality specifications (产品质量规范). 更为激烈的竞争， 更加严格的环境和安全规范，以及快速变化的经济条件都是制 约工厂产品质量规范的关键因素。 • A further complication ( 复杂) is that modern processes have become more difficult to operate because of the trend toward larger, more highly integrated plants with smaller surge capacities (谐振能力) between the various processing units. 更为复杂的情况 是，由于现代制造业朝着规模更大,集成度更高的方向发展,而 使不同的加工环节之间的协调能力更低, 所以加工过程更难控 制. • Such plants give the operators little opportunity to prevent upsets (扰 乱 ) from propagating from one unit to other interconnected units. 在这种工厂中，要想让一个生产环节出现 的问 不对其相连的另一个生产环节产生影响,几乎是不可能 的. • In view of (考虑到，由于) the increased emphasis placed on safe, efficient plant operation, it is only natural that the subject of process control has become increasingly important in recent years. 近年来，考虑到工业制造逐渐加强的安全、高效需求，过程控 制这个课题变得越来越受重视. • In fact, without process control it would not be possible to operate most modern processes safely and profitably (有 利 的 ), while satisfying plant quality standards. 实际上，对于大多数现代 工业，要满足安全、高效，产品质量的要求，没有控制系统是不 可能的 • As an introduction to process control, consider the continuous (连续) stirred-tank heater (加热搅拌器) • The inlet liquid stream has a mass flow rate w and a temperature T . The tank contents are well agitated (搅动) and heated i by an electrical heater that provides Q watts (