试论1931-1932年法国排外运动.pdfVIP

内容摘要 1931-1932 年法国的排外运动，是法国遭遇 1929 年经济危机冲击后的 社会反应，是一场民族主义为主、种族主义和反犹主义为辅的运动。它以外 国工人和在紧俏就业市场中共同竞争的外国人为主要排斥对象，以中右翼媒 介为主要的宣传媒体，以行业工会和政治组织为主要推动者和游说力量，最 后以政府出台排外法案为运动的最终结果。 本文主要分为三个方面，分别从排外运动的背景与事实、外国人在法国 社会中的形象和外国人自身的回应，展现出两次世界大战期间，外国人的社 会融入和身份受到法国政府、行业工会和政治团体的三重影响。法国媒体对 外国人的态度，在中右翼表现为以法国公民的利益为首要考虑，在左翼表现 为支持外国工人和犹太人，反对殖民主义。而外国人对于排外运动的态度， 也由起初的沉默孤立到积极行动，与法国左翼联合反抗政府的排外政策。 在此过程中，“外国人”这一文化身份具有三重特征，既作为法国政府 的劳动力，又作为法国公民的工作竞争对手，也作为自身的政治、社群组织 者。这三重身份的展现，也体现了两次世界大战期间法国的民族国家体系、 自由市场机制、民主架构和普世价值，在经济危机的环境下，展现出不可兼 容的矛盾。 关键词：排外运动；1929-1933 年经济危机；民族国家；法兰西第三共 和国 ABSTRACT France’s xenophobic movement from 1931-1932 was a social reaction after the Great Depression in 1929. It was a movement dominated by nationalism and supplemented by racism and anti-Semitism. It mainly targeted foreign workers and foreigners who competed in the tight job market with French people. It used the center-right wing political media as the main form of propaganda. Besides, it used industry trade unions and political organizations as the main promoters and lobbying forces. Finally, the government issued an anti-foreigner bill as the result of this exercise. This thesis is mainly divided into three aspects. The first chapter is about the background and facts of the xenophobic movement. The second chapter is about the image of foreigners in French society at that time. The third chapter is about the expression of foreigners themselves during this period. The thesis shows that, during the interwar period, the social integration and identity of foreigners were affected by the French government, industry unions, and political groups. The French medias’ attitude towards foreigners was divided. The center-right wing media took the interests of French citizens as the primary consideration, while the left-wing media was in