材料导论 (54)材料导论.pdf

In this video, I will talk about another naturally occurring polymer which closely related to our daily life. It is called starch. 在这个视频中，我将讨论另一种与我们日常生活密切相关的天然聚合物。它被称为 淀粉。也就是我们生活中最常见到的食物-淀粉。 Starch is produced by most green plants as energy storage. It is the most common carbohydrate in human diets and is contained in large amounts in staple foods like potatoes, wheat, corn, and rice. Starch is a homopolysachride whose monomer is alpha-glucose. 淀粉由大多数绿色植物产生并作为能量储存。它是人类饮食中最常见的碳水化合物， 马铃薯，小麦，玉米和大米等主食中含有大量淀粉。淀粉是均聚物，其单体是α-葡萄糖。 请大家和我一起回忆一下上节课讲的纤维素，纤维素和淀粉的重复单元都是 D-glucose。 It consists of two types of linkages: The alpha-1-4 linkages result in a linear structure, while alpha-1-6 linkages lead to a branched structure. Generally, the more highly branched starch fractions have been called “amylopectin”while the straight-chain starch fractions have been termed “amylose“. 淀粉由两种类型的连接组成：α-1-4 连接的线性结构，和α-1-6 连接的支化结构。 通常，高度支化的淀粉称为“amylopectin”，而直链淀粉被称为“amylose”在这里大 家需要重点记忆一下，淀粉存在两种糖苷键的连接方式，分别得到直链淀粉以及支化淀 粉。有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 Starch molecules arrange themselves in the plant in semi-crystalline granules.在植物中淀粉粒为半晶质。 Each plant species has a unique starch granular size: rice starch is relatively small (about 2 μm) while potato starches have larger granules (up to 100 μm). When you observe starch granule under polarized light, you will find characteristic extinction cross like this. The cross point is called hilum where the synthesis of the granule began. 每种植物都具有独特的淀粉粒度：大米淀粉相对较小（约 2μm），而马铃薯淀粉具 有较大的颗粒（约 100μm）。在偏振光下观察淀粉颗粒时，您会发现这样的特征性消光 交叉。交叉点称为 hilum，是淀粉颗粒的形成的开始。我们通过偏光显微镜可以观察到 淀粉的偏光十字现象，十字交叉位于淀粉颗粒的脐点。 Starch becomes soluble in water like a paste when heated. The granules swell and burst, the semi-crystalline structure is lost and the smaller amylose molecules start leaching out of the granule, forming a network that holds water and increasing the mixtures viscosity. This process is ca