材料导论 (59)材料导论.pdf

View 9: Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Hello everyone, today we will talk about tissue engineering. Can cells be used as living materials to engineer organs and tissue? Over the past several decades there has been increasing interest with in the biomedical field to develop methodologies to restore the function of damaged tissue or organs without the use of long-term implants. This has led to the advent of the field of tissue engineering.The filed of tissue engineering integrates knowledge from cell biology, materials science, and process science to functional human tissue from cells in a laboratory. The ultimate goal is to repair or re-grow a tissue or organ that fail due to disease, genetic errors, congenital abnormalities, or traumatic injury. Tissue engineering relies on four important factors: the right cells to do the job, the right environment, such as a scaffold, to support the cells, the right biomolecules, like growth factors, to make those cells healthy and productive, and physical and mechanical forces to influence the development of the cells. The cells can be directly harvested from the target organ, developed from precursor, or stem cells, or taken from cell lines grown in the lab, or from the patient as that limit problems with rejection. In most cases, these cells need a carrier as well as a structural or mechanical support to be able to function normally, and to healthily proliferate in a suitable environment, and form tissue. The supports are called scaffolds and are fabricated from biomaterials. In order for any materials to be considered a biomaterial, it must satisfy certain physical, mechanical, and chemical behavior requirements and also be biocompatible. For example, the materials must be strong enough to bear physiological loads, be resistant to undesired degradation or corrosion, not be carcinogenic,