材料导论 (57)材料导论.pdf

Video 7: Biomaterials for Drug Delivery System (Part I) Therapeutic drugs play a significant role in the therapy of almost all medical problems. From the treatment of common ailments such as headaches, and colds, to the heart diseases and cancer, drugs play a major role in medicine. The systems used for delivering drugs take on a variety of forms. These include simple oral systems such as tablets, capsules, and syrups, transdermal systems like patches, and intravenous delivery using suspensions or nanoparticles. 药物在治疗中都起着重要作用。从治疗常见的疾病如头痛、感冒，到心脏病 和癌症，药物在医学中起着重要作用。用于递送药物的系统有很多种形式。这些 包括简单的口语系统,如片剂、胶囊、糖浆、透皮系统、悬浮液或纳米粒子的静脉 注射使用。有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 在我们的日常生活中对药物十分的熟悉，从一些小病比如头疼，感冒，到一 些重大疾病比如心血管疾病和治疗癌症方面，药物输送都发挥着重要的作用。那 么药物输送的形式也包括口服，皮下，注射等多种方式。 In order for a drug to provide a therapeutic effect, the concentration of the drug in the blood plasma has to be above the minimum effective level and below the level that may be toxic. The difference between the minimum effective level and the toxic level is called the therapeutic index. 为了使药物提供治疗效果，血浆中药物的浓度必须高于最低有效水平并低于 可能有毒的水平。 最低有效水平和毒性水平之间的差异称为治疗指数。 我们常说是药三分毒，那么在这里我们就要提到一个药物有效浓度的概念， 在血浆中的药物必须要高于药物的有效剂量浓度，同时有不能高于药物的毒性剂 量。As shown in this figure, when the drug is conventionally administered as a single dose and is metabolized quickly inside the body, the level of drug in the blood plasma immediately increases followed by an exponential decrease. 如该图所示，当药物通常作为单剂量给药并且在体内快速代谢时，血浆中的 药物水平立即增加，随后呈现指数减少。 也就说在常规单次给药的情况下，药物在体内迅速代谢，血浆中药物水平立 即增加，然后呈指数下降。In this case， the time frame over which the drug concentration is above the minimum effective level may not be long enough to produce a significant therapeutic effect in a single dose. Although this situation can be improved by increasing the amount of dose, this quickly raises the drug level to t