材料导论 (55)材料导论.pdf

Chitin is one of the most abundant polysaccharides found in nature. It is found in cell walls of some fungi, cuticles of insects, as well as in the exoskeletons of shellfish such as shrimp and crabs. Chitin is the major tensile element of the chain of exoskeleton. As shown in this Figure, chitin is made up of a long linear polymeric acetyl-glucosamine. Chitin has poor solubility in most solvents and low chemical reactivity. But, it can be degraded by chitinase. 甲壳素是自然界中最丰富的多糖之一。它存在于一些真菌的细胞壁、昆虫的 角质层以及虾、蟹等贝类的外骨骼中。几丁质是外骨骼链的主要元素。甲壳素是 由长线性聚合体乙酰氨基葡萄糖构成的。甲壳素在大多数溶剂中溶解度低，化学 反应活性低。但是，它可以被几丁质酶降解。 那么甲壳素广泛的存在于一些真菌，昆虫的表皮以及甲壳类动物的骨骼中， 它作为多糖，重复的单元是乙酰氨基葡萄糖。 Chitosan is generally obtained by alkaline deacetylation from chitin, and thus also considered as deacetylated derivative of chitin. chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed glucosamine copolymer and acetylglucosamine. The degree of deacetylation, representing the proportion of deacetylated units, is usually used to differentiate between chitin and chitosan. Chitosan is designated when the degree of deacetylation is greater than 55%, while chitin with the degree of deacetylation of less than 55%. Converting chitin into chitosan causes a reduction in the molecular weight and a considerable increase in the degree of deacetylation. 壳聚糖通常是通过几丁质的碱性脱乙酰作用得到的，因此也被认为是壳聚糖 的脱乙酰衍生物。壳聚糖是由随机分布的氨基葡萄糖和乙酰氨基葡萄糖组成的线 性多糖。脱乙酰度代表脱乙酰单位的比例，通常用来区分几丁质和壳聚糖。如果 脱乙酰度大于 55%被称为壳聚糖 ，而脱乙酰度小于 55%被称为几丁质。将几丁 质转化为壳聚糖会导致分子量的降低，以及脱乙酰度的提高。 那么怎么区分甲壳素和壳聚糖呢？ 壳聚糖是甲壳素脱乙酰化得到的，那么 脱乙酰的程度就用来区分甲壳素和壳聚糖，当甲壳素脱乙酰度大于 55%以上， 我们就称之为壳聚糖。有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 The main parameters influencing the characteristics of chitosan are its molecular weight and degree of deacetylation. For instance, the degree of deacetylation affects the degree of crystallinity of chitosan. Crystallinity reaches maximu