材料导论 (29)材料导论.pdf

Module 4 (Metallic Materials 金属材料) Video7 Corroison of metals and its prevention 金属的腐蚀与防护 Hello everyone! Today, let’s talk about corrosion of metals and its prevention. 译文： 大家好！今天，我们来谈谈金属的腐蚀和防护。 Without any protection, most metals will oxidize (or corrode). Metallic corrosion causes serious economical loss. The newest data show that, the estimated cost of corrosion in China is about 3.34% of GDP every year. 译文： 在没有任何保护的状态下，多数金属会发生氧化（或者腐蚀）。金属腐蚀可 造成严重的经济损失。最新的数据显示，中国每年由于腐蚀造成的经济损失估计 约占GDP 的3.34% 。 Corrosion is a natural process, which converts a refined metal to a more chemically stable form, such as its oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide. It is the gradual destruction of metals by chemical or electrochemical reaction with their environment. Remove the environment, and corrosion will stop. Corrosion engineering is the field dedicated to controlling and stopping corrosion. 译文： 腐蚀是一个自然的过程，它使经过冶炼后得到的金属转变为更具化学稳定性 的形式，比如金属的氧化物、氢氧化物，或者硫化物。金属与环境之间发生化学 或者电化学反应，而受到逐渐破坏。去除环境，腐蚀就会停止。腐蚀工程是致力 于使腐蚀得到控制和停止。有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 For metallic materials, the corrosion process is normally electrochemical. Metal atoms characteristically lose or give up electrons in oxidation reaction. For example, in acid solutions, metal zinc may experience oxidation according to the reaction, in which zinc loses its 2 valence electrons, and becomes a 2+ positively charged ion. 译文： 对于金属材料，腐蚀过程通常是个电化学过程。金属原子在氧化反应过程中 失去电子。比如，在酸性溶液中，根据以下反应方程式（1），金属锌可以经历 氧化，锌失去2 个价电子，成为一个带2 个正电荷的金属阳离子。 (1) + The hydrogen ions (H ) are reduced, and hydrogen gas (H ) is evolved. 2 (2) 译文： + 氢离子(H ) 发生还原，析出氢气(H ) 。