材料导论 (21)材料导论.pdf

Video 10. Thermal Expansion Here comes the concept of thermal expansion. Everybody believe that material shall expand when heat and contract when cooled. It is called 热胀冷缩。Here comes the question, how can you measure the ability of a material responding heat in changes of dimensions. You can do an experiment by heating a specimen in bar shape to a certain temperature liked shown in this diagram. You first measure the initial length of this specimen as l . And record the temperature as T . You also measure the final length as 0 0 l , and final temperature as T Then you get the change in temperature as delta t, and f f. change in length as delta L. You get the thermal strain defined as delta L divide l . You 0 can build a linear relation between the thermal strain with changing temperature, defined as coefficient of linear thermal expansion, which is abbreviated as CTE alfa. Now you get an equation, which is epsilon sub t equals alfa times delta t. The alfa means the linear thermal expansion coefficient. Now you know the thermal expansion coefficient you can know the final change in length. You times epsilon sub t with initial length of L sub 0. 译文：下面是热膨胀的概念。大家都知道材料受热发生膨胀，遇冷发生收缩。这 称为热胀冷缩。我的问题是，怎样量化材料受热后发生形变的能力？大家可以通 过图中所示的方法，讲一个条形材料的温度升高到某值，测量它的形变。首先测 量材料的初始长度，l0 ，初始温度，T0.在记录材料的最终长度，Lf，最终温度， Tf.这样就得到了温度变化，deltaT ，长度变化，delta l 。通过构建一个形变和温 度变化的线性关系，定义一个线性膨胀系数，缩写为alfa CTE 。这样就得到一个 方程。Epsilon t =alfa X delta t. alfa 代表线性膨胀系数。知道了材料的线性膨胀系 数，就可以估计材料在给定温度变化下的形变。 What are the differences of linear thermal expansion coefficients among different materials? You can get a general idea based on this table. From this table, you get