材料导论 (16)材料导论.pdf

Video 5 Ductile to Brittle Transition In the last section, you know a ductile material behaves very different from a brittle material. Here, I will show you under some conditions, ductile material changes to brittle and vice versa. 译文：在上一部分，你们知道延展性材料和脆性材料有很大的区别。这里，我将 展示给你们，在某种情况下，延展性材料会变为脆性材料，或相反的情况。 As shown in the figure, as temperature increases, toughness of a material increases also. This result means that a ductile material may be brittle at low temperature. 译文：如图所示，当温度上升时，材料的韧性增强。这个结果说明延展性材料可 能在温度降低时变为脆性材料。 Here is a story showing you the damage caused by transition of ductile to brittle. Titanic was made up of steel which has ductile to brittle transition temperature 32 C. On the day of sinking, sea temperature was –2  C which made the steel structure highly brittle and susceptible to more damage. Therefore, it is very important to know the ductile-brittle transition temperature of a material before use it for construction. 译文：这里有一个故事，告诉你当延展性转变为脆性时带来的危害。泰坦尼克号 使由脆性到韧性转变温度为32 C 的钢材制造的。在沉船的当天，海水的温度是 –2  C 。这使得钢结构变的很脆，容易收到损坏。因此，明晰材料的延展到脆的 转变温度十分重要。有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 As shown in the plot, energy to rupture is low at low temperature. But when temperature is over some value, energy of rupture rapidly increases. When temperature is higher than another value, the energy to rupture start to decrease. The temperature between these two values is considered as the transition temperature range. 译文：如图所示，断裂能量在低温时低。但当温度高于某值，断裂能量迅速上升。 当温度高于某个更高的温度时，断裂能量又开始下降。在这两个温度之间称为转 换温度范围。 There are three types of structures of brittle fracture. First is Cleavage 开裂破裂 In this case, Cracks propagate most rapidly along specific crystallographic planes Second is Intergranular path 晶粒间破裂 Here, Crack grows along the grain boundaries particularly when the grain boundaries are weakened by inclusions 参杂 or segregation 晶间偏析 Third is Che