材料导论 (9)材料导论.pdf

Module 2 Line Defects and Dislocation Movement The second type of defects is called line defect or dislocation. A line defect is a linear or one-dimensional defect. In a line defect, some of the atoms are misaligned. There are two basic types of dislocations, edge dislocations and screw dislocations. Most dislocations found in crystalline materials are probably neither pure edge dislocations nor pure screw dislocations, but exhibit components of both types; these are termed mixed dislocations. 译文： 第二类缺陷称为线缺陷或位错。 线缺陷是线性或一维缺陷。在线缺陷中，一些 原子出现了错乱排列。 位错有两种基本类型，刃型位错和螺旋位错。晶体材料中发现的大多数位错既不 是纯粹的刃型位错也不是纯粹的螺旋位错，而是两种类型的组合，称为混合位错。 An edge dislocation can be easily visualized. As shown in here, edge dislocation occurs by the insertion or removal of an extra half plane of atoms in the crystal structure. A screw dislocation is more difficult to visualize than an edge dislocation. You can think of the occurrence of a screw dislocation in this way: by applying a shear stress to a crystal, a distortion occurs in the crystal. You see, the upper front region of the crystal is shifted one atomic distance to the right, relative to the bottom portion. 译文： 刃型位错很容易形象化。如图所示，通过在晶体结构中插入或去除额外半个平面 的原子，就形成刃型位错。 螺旋位错比刃型位错难以形象化。可以这样来想象螺旋位错的发生：通过对晶体 施加剪切应力，晶体发生扭曲。如图所示，晶体的上部分相对于晶体的下部分向 右偏移了一个原子距离。有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 Deformation occurs when a dislocation moves through a crystal. Why and how dislocations move? Let’s take a look. This is an edge dislocation. The regions surrounding the dislocation plane are made of essentially perfect crystal. The only severe disruption to the crystal structure occurs along the dislocation plane. Above 1 this dislocation plane, atoms are under a compressive stress, below the dislocation plane, atoms are under a tensile stress. So, the disloca