材料导论 (3)材料导论.pdf

Module 2 Secondary Bonds Besides primary bonding, another type of bonding is secondary bonding. Secondary bonding is a physical bonding between atoms and molecules, it is relatively weak, about 4-30 kJ/mol. Secondary bonding can be classified into van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. Van der Waals forces are the Interactions of atomic or molecular dipoles. Van der Waals forces exist in molecules such as Covalently bonded molecules, like H , O , 2 2 Hydrochloric acid (HCl); and Inert Gases like Argon (Ar) and Xenon (Xe). 译文： 除了主价键，另外一种键型是次价键。 次价键是一种原子或分子间的物理键，相对较弱，大于4-30 kJ/mol 。次价键可分 为范德华力和氢键。有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 范德华力是原子或者分子偶极间的相互作用力，范德华力存在于像氢气、氧气、 盐酸、惰性气体（氩气、氙气）这些共价键分子之间。 范德华力受到分子量和分子极性影响。分子量大、极性强的分子，分子间范德华 力也就大。 Van der Waals forces can be affected by molecular weight and polarity of molecules. High molecular weight, and high polarity of molecules will lead to higher van der Waals forces. According to whether molecules possess a permanent electric dipole moment, molecules can be classified into nonpolar molecules and polar molecules. When centers of positive charge and negative charge coincide, it is called a Nonpolar molecule, such as H , O , N 2 2 2 When both the positive and negative charges are localized within the molecule, that means charges are polarized, we call it polar molecules, like Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 、 Hydrofluoric acid (HF) 、Carbon monoxide (CO )… 译文： 根据是否产生永久的电偶极矩，分子分为非极性分子和极性分子。当正电荷和负 电荷中心重合，这种分子称为非极性分子，如氢气、氧气和氮气。 1 当正电荷和负电荷中心不重合，分子内产生极化，就称为极性分子，如盐酸（HCl ）、 氢氟酸(HF) 、一氧化碳(CO ) 。 How do van der Waals forces affect the properties of materials? Van der Waals forces are weak, but large amount of them can make materials strong and have significa