材料导论 (20)材料导论.pdf

Video 9. Thermal Properties Let me ask you one question. What will happen when you heat a material. You will see that first temperature of the material shall be increased. Why because the absorption of heat. Secondly, the sample may be become bigger. Usually you heat something, it changes the shape to a larger dimension. Thirdly, it will transmit heat. That means, if you touch the surface of your sample, you will feel burn . These three observations come to three properties. The first one, absorption of heat, which can be defined as specific heat. 比热。 Second is called coefficient of thermal expansion, 热膨胀系数。 The last one is heat conductivity, 导热系数。 译文：让我问你们一个问题。当加热一种材料时会发生什么情况？你们会发现： 首先材料的温度会上升，因为材料吸收了热量。第二，材料会变大，通常加热某 种物体时，它的尺寸增加到更大的纬度。第三，材料将传导热量。这意味着当你 触摸材料时，你会感到热。这三个观察到的现象对应这三种热学性质。第一种吸 附热对应着热容量。第二种称为热膨胀系数。最后一种是导热系数。 Let us begin with heat capacity, 热容量。 When capacity comes into your mind, it means how much heat can a material absorb. To be more accurate, it is defined as the efficiency of a material in absorbing heat . If you want to quantitatively define this. It is The amount of heat required to raise temperature of a material to a given amount . What factors will affect heat capacity? The first one is size. It means if a material is large. It has the ability to absorb more heat. Second is composition. Different materials have ability to absorb different levels of heat. For example, usually water is more efficiently in absorbing heat. The unit of heat capacity, because it determines the efficiency of absorbing heat, we define heat capacity as Kilo calorie per degree Celsius. Or It is defined in Joules. There is a relation between Joules and Calorie. That is 4.2 J equals 1 Calorie. Now, it is the concept of specific heat. To better describe the ability of a material in absorbin