材料导论 (13)材料导论.pdf

Video 2 Elastic deformation and plastic deformation From now on, we will learn concepts shown in the stress-strain diagram one by one. First, we start with the concepts of elastic deformation and plastic deformation. 译文： 从现在开始，我们将要逐一学习应力-应变曲线上的概念。首先，我们学习弹性 形变和塑性形变。 We know a material will deform if it experiences some external force. Some deformation is temporary which means the material can go back to its original shape after the external force is released. Other deformation is permanent. In this case the changed shape cannot be recovered. For instance, when a tennis bat hits a tennis ball, the net bends and the ball is spring back. After that, the bat net goes back to the initial shape. That is called plastic deformation. In other case, if you bend a steel spoon, then it cannot go back to straight shape automatically. This is called plastic deformation. 译文： 我们知道材料在外力的作用下会发生变形。一些变形是暂时的，当外力撤销后， 材料会恢复到最初的形状。而一些变形是永久性的，这时形变将不会恢复。例如： 当网球拍击打网球时，球网弯曲将网球碳走。之后，球网会恢复到最初的形态。 这种就是弹性形变。另一个例子，当你掰弯一把钢勺后，钢勺不会自动恢复到直 的形状。这种形变就称为塑性形变。有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 Let us recall the stress-strain diagram, the linear line region is called elastic region. In this region a material will undergo elastic deformation. An equation can correlate the stress with the strain. The delta refers to stress; epsilon is strain, the capital letter E is elastic modulus or young’s modulus. You can see stress and strain obey Hooke’s law since E is a constant. 译文： 让我们再观察应力-应变曲线，其中线性的区域称为弹性区域。在这个区域材料 将发生弹性形变。这个方程用于关联应力和应变的关系。Delta 指应力，epsilon 是应变，大写字母 E 是弹性模量或杨氏模量。你可以看到在弹性区域，应力和 应变遵循胡克定律，因为E 是常数。 Elastic modulus or young’s modulus is obtained graphically by measuring the tangent of the slope angle in the elastic region of the stress-strain curve, or by calculate the slope of the straight-line portion of the stress-strain diagram. The equation is given to do t