材料导论 (6)材料导论.pdf

Module 2 Crystal Systems There are seven fundamentally different kinds of unit cells. They differ in the lengths of the edges and the angles between them. We call them seven crystal systems. The names of the seven crystal systems are listed here. They are Cubic, Tetragonal, Orthorhombic, Trigonal, Hexagonal, Monoclinic, and Triclinic. The lattice parameters of these seven crystal systems are shown in this picture. We will learn three of them: Cubic, Tetragonal and Hexagonal, in a few minutes. 译文： 晶胞一共有七种不同的基本类型。这些晶胞因边的长度和两边之间的夹角不同而不同。 我们称其为七种晶系。七种晶系的名字如下所示：立方、四方、斜方、三方、六方、单 斜和三斜。 七种晶系的晶格常数如图所示，我们会在下面学习其中的三个：立方、四方和六方 By combining the 7 crystal systems and the 4 lattice types, we get fourteen Bravais lattices. As shown here, the four lattice types are: Primitive (sometimes called simple, represented by letter P), means lattice points on the cell corners only; Body-centered (B or I): refers to one additional point at the center of the cell; Face-centered (F): refers to one additional point at the center of each of the faces of the cell; Side-centered (C): refers to one additional point at the center of each face of one pair of parallel faces of the cell. 译文： 7 种晶系和4 种点阵类型相组合，我们可以得到14 种布拉维点阵。四种点阵类型是：简 单（P ）即阵点只位于晶胞顶点；体心（字母B 或 I ）即除八个顶点外，体心上还有一 个阵点；面心（F ）即除八个顶点外，每个面心上还有一个阵点；底心（C ）即除八个顶 点外，两个相对的面心上有阵点。有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 The fourteen Bravais lattices are illustrated here. There are three Cubic Bravais lattices, two Tetragonal Bravais lattices, four Orthorhombic Bravais lattices, one Hexagonal Bravais lattice, one Trigonal Bravais lattice, two Monoclinic Bravais lattices, and one Triclinic Bravais lattice. Next, we will study six of them. 译文： 14 种布拉维点阵如图所示：立方晶系有三种布拉维点阵，四方晶系有两种布拉维点阵， 1 斜方晶系有四种，六方晶系有一种，三方晶系有一种，单斜晶系有两种，三斜晶系有一 种。接下来我们将学习其中的六个。 In the cubic unit cells, all sides have the same length and all angles are 90°. If the cubic unit