材料导论 (15)材料导论.pdf

Video 4 Toughness Now, we learn materials’ toughness (T)韧性模量. 译文: 现在我们学习材料的韧性 （韧性模量）。 Toughness is the ability or capacity of a material to absorb energy during plastic deformation. As shown in the figure, modulus of toughness, equal to the total area under the stress-strain curve up to the point of rupture, represents the energy per unit volume of a material required to produce fracture under static conditions. 译文: 韧性是材料在塑性变形时吸收能量的能力。如图所示，韧性模量等于应力 -应变曲线从初始到断裂点之间的面积，反映使材料发生断裂单位体积内其需要 吸收的最小能量。 Toughness can also be expressed in terms of the ease or difficulty in propagating a crack. It can be measured by the amount of energy adsorbed by a material in creating a unit area of crack. A tough material has no defects in its microstructure. As shown in the figure, to stop crack, people insert fibers in a metal to form fiber metal composite to increase fiber’s toughness. Therefore, you know that having a good amount of ductility makes many materials tough because the plastic flow permitted by the ductility prevents a concentration of stress at the tip of a crack. 译文: 韧性也可以表示为拓展材料上的裂痕的难易程度。它可以由创造单位面积 的裂痕所需给予材料的能量来表示。一个韧性材料在它的微观结构上没有缺陷。 如图所示，为了防止裂痕的出现，人们向金属中混入纤维制备纤维/金属复合材 料，用于增强纤维的韧性。因此，你知道拥有足够高的延展性使材料坚韧。因为 高延展性使材料发生塑性流动，这可以防止在裂痕处出现应力集中。 Toughness is usually measured by impact test. The scheme shows a typical impact test equipment. It uses a heavy pendulum that swing through its arc to strike and break a specimen. Impact tests measure the ability of metal to absorb impact. Impact is defined as a sudden application of a load confined to a localized area of a material. Impact testing is considered dynamic testing. As comparison, tensile test is a typical static testing method.有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 译文: 韧性通常由冲击实验测量。图中给出了一个典型的冲击实验设备。它采用 一个重锤通过摇摆敲击，并断裂一个样品。冲击实验测量金属吸收冲击的能力。 冲击定义为对材料局部面积上的突然重压。冲击实验是一种动力学测试。与之相 比，拉伸实验室典型的静态测试方