材料导论 (19)材料导论.pdf

Video 8. Hardness Hardness. If I ask you what is the hardest material around the world? What is your answer? I believe most people will say ‘diamond’. Why you think diamond is hard? Because you can use diamond to scratch other material without any damage. Here comes the definition of hardness. It is a measure of a material’s resistance to penetration 抗穿刺 (local plastic deformation) or scratching 抗划伤. 硬度就是衡量 一个材料抗穿刺、抗划伤的能力。Also, hard material has good resistance to wire or abrasion. 越坚硬的材料耐磨性也越强。So, that is the reason why you use diamond to make cutting tools. 一些刀具或钻头往往用钻石类坚硬的材料制备。 译文：硬度。如果我问你们什么是世界上最硬的材料？你会怎么回答？我相信 大多数人会说：“钻石” 。为什么你们认为钻石最坚硬？因为你们可以用钻石划伤 其他材料，而自身不受损坏。硬度的定义是：硬度是衡量材料对穿刺或划伤的抵 抗能力。越坚硬的材料耐磨性越强，因此一些道具或钻头往往用钻石这种坚硬材 料制备。有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 Here comes a measuring method to hardness. How can you quantitatively measure hardness? 你怎么来测量硬度呢？Based on the definition, we know hardness means the resistance to penetration or scratching. Therefore, the measuring methods are also corresponding to these two types of properties. You can either measure the degree of penetration, using some specifically selected indenters. There are four different measurements for hardness, where are called brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness and knoop hardness. You can also measure the resistance of scratching which is called Mohs hardness and most people are familiar with that (measuring method). There is another measuring method that is called rebounding method. It is called Scleroscope test. 译文：这里给出一个测量硬度的方法。通过定义，我们知道硬度是材料抵抗穿刺 或划伤的能力。因此，测量方法同样针对这两种性能。你们可以测量材料抗穿刺 能力，用一些特定的压头。这里有4 种测量硬度的方法，称为布氏硬度，维氏硬 度，洛氏硬度，和努氏硬度。你可以同样通过测试材料抵抗划伤的能力，称作莫 氏硬度。这也是大多数人所熟悉的方法。还有一种硬度测量方法叫做回弹方法， 称作肖氏硬度检测法。 Different measurements use different indenters. We differentiate indenters based on their shap