材料导论 (18)材料导论.pdf

Video 7. Creep Now, Let ’s study creep. If you learn creep, you will know there are some similarities between creep and fatigue in their measuring methods. When we measure fatigue property, we apply cyclic loadings. But when we measure creep, we apply a loading to a sample permanently or for a long time. The similarities are that the materials all encounter deformations. 译文：我们学习儒变。学习儒变，你将知道儒变和疲劳的测试方法比较类似。当 测量疲劳性能时，我们加以周期性力。当测量儒变性能时，我们施加恒定的外力， 并保持足够长的时间。相同的是：材料都发生了形变。 Let us study creep(蠕变). The creep property of material tells (you) deformation (of a material) happens when a material is underwent a constant loading for considerably long time. First I give you definition of creep. It is a slow process of plastic deformation that takes place when a material is subjected to a constant condition of loading (stress) below its normal yield strength . So based on this definition, you will know that. Firstly, creep happens at a very long period of time. Secondly, the loading is constantly applied to the material. Finally, the loading should be lower than the yield strength because otherwise, the material will deform in a very short time. 译文：让我们学习儒变。材料的儒变性能告诉你材料长时间受力将发生变形。儒 变的定义是：儒变是一个缓慢的塑性形变过程。它在材料长时间承受小于屈服力 的条件下发生。因此，你可以知道。首先儒变的发生是一个长时间的过程。第二， 材料长时间受力。第三，这个力小于屈服力，否则材料的塑性形变会很迅速。 Now, what is the meaning of creep? Creep means plastic deformation, but it happ ens in a very slow way. What is the relation between creep and temperature? First of all, creep happens at any temperatures. Secondly, if a material is heated at a high temperature, the creep rate will be fast. The reason is that, creep is typically impeded by impure items or grain boundaries. H owever, at high temperature, diffusion of particles or items within the material is faster. Therefore, the dislocation happens much more easily whic