山东运河流域新派方言单字调实验语音研究.pdfVIP

ListofAbbreviations F0:FundamentalFrequency F1:Female1fromTengzhou F2:Female2fromTengzhou HZ:hanzi (Chinesecharacter) M1:Male1fromTengzhou M2:Male2fromTengzhou PY:pinyin SY:Syllable SLA:SecondLanguageAcquisition T1:Tone1,yinping T2:Tone2,yangping T3:Tone3,shangsheng T4:Tone4,qusheng TUB:ToneBearingUnit I ListofFiguresandTables Figure3.1Softwareinterfaceofrecording24 Figure3.2Modifiedwaveformandspectrogramofword‘宾bin1’28 Figure3.3Primarypitchtierofword‘宾bin1’30 Figure3.4Modifiedpitchtierofword‘宾bin1’…………………..…………….…………31 Figure3.5ThecitationtonesinGaotang……………………………………………….…..35 Figure4.1F0curvesofWeishancitationtones…………………………………………...…..40 Figure4.2ThecitationtonesinWeishan……………………………………………….……..41 Figure4.3ThecitationtonesinDongchangfu……………………………………..………….42 Figure4.4Acoustic waveform and spectrogram of character ‘顿’by a male speaker from Dongchangfu…………………………………………………………………………..….…..43 Figure4.5F0curvesofF1fromTengzhou………………………………….……………..44 Figure4.6F0curvesofF2fromTengzhou……………………………………………...…….44 Figure4.7F0curvesofM1fromTengzhou……………………………...…………………...45 Figure4.8F0curvesofM2fromTengzhou……………………...……………………….…..45 Table3.1Dialectwordsusedinthisexperimentalresearch…………………………………..26 Table4.1TonevaluesofWeishan-Zaozhuangtype………………….……………………..…37 Table4.2TonevaluesofTengzhou-Xiajintype……………………………………………….38 Table4.3MeanF0valuesofthe10measuredpointsofeachtonetype……………..………..39 Table4.4ThetonevaluesofWeishanandDongchangfu………………………………….….44 Table4.5PreviousresearchresultsoftheOldDialects……………………………………46 Table4.6 Tone values of the representative dialect points of the New and Old Dialects……….…..48 Table4.7Tonevalues oftherepresentativedialect pointsoftheNew Dialectsand Standard Chinese50 Table4.8PreviousresearchresultsofcitationtonesinWeishanDialect52 I