医学英语第一学期试题.docVIP

Unit OneII. Vocabulary StudyPart A1—Plasma 2—Cholesterol 3—cytoplasm 4—chromosomes5—Osmosis 6—diffusion 7—ribosomes 8—Filtration9—phagocytosis 10—homeostasisPart B1—be involved in 2—permeable 3—decompose 4—hypotheses5—broke off 6—facilitate 7—engulfed 8—floats9—collide, collide 10—diluteIII. Translation Part A1. Although the DNA in the nucleus of each cell contains all of the genetic information for all human traits, only a small number of genes are actually active in a particular cell. These active genes are the codes for the proteins necessary for the specific cell type.尽管每一个细胞核中的 DNA 都包含有人类特性的所有遗传信息，但实际只有少数基因在特定细胞中有活性，这些活性基因是特有的细胞类型所必需的蛋白密码。2. In facilitated diffusion, molecules move through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration, but they need some help to do this.在易化扩散中，分子经一层膜从高浓度区域向低浓度区域移动，但分子要完成这一工作需要某些帮助。3. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, that is, certain substances arepermitted to pass through and others are not.细胞膜的渗透性是有选择性的，即某些物质允许通过，而其他物质则不行。4. Filtration means that water and dissolved materials are forced through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.过滤是指水和已溶解物质经一层膜从高压区到低压区。5. Active transport requires the energy of ATP to move molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration.主动转运需要 ATP 这种能量，使分子从低浓度区域向高浓度区域移动。Part B1. 体内平衡取决于所有不同类型的细胞正常地发挥功能。(depend upon)Homeostasis depends upon the normal functions of all of the different kinds of cells.2. 就人口和地域而言，这两个国家差异很大。(with respect to)With respect to population and geographical area, these two countries vary greatly.3. 染色体由脱氧核糖核酸和蛋白构成，而脱氧核糖核酸又是细胞特征和活性的遗传密码。(genetic code)Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein, and the DNA is the genetic code for the characteristics and activities of the cell.4. 氧气从空气中扩散到血液以便在全身循环，而二氧化碳从血液散播到空气中以便排出体外。(diffuse)Oxygen diffuses from the air to the blood to be circulated throughout the body, but carbon dioxide diffuses from the