抗原与获得性免疫应答(Englishversion).pptVIP

Antigens and adaptive immune responses;specific immunity;I Definition and general nature;Antigen (Ag);2.The basic natures of antigen;(1) immunogenicity;（2） immunoreactivity or antigenicity 抗原性;3、Hapten and varrier;HAPTEN-CARRIER CONJUGATES;Hapten ： ;II. FACTORS INFLUENCING IMMUNOGENICITY;1、chemical and physical nature of antigens;（2）molecule size;（3）复杂的化学结构;（4）分子构象(conformation)的易接近性(accessibility);（2）genetic characteristics of the host Genetic control of immune responsiveness, largely confined to genes within the MHC. MHC gene products, which function to present processed antigen to T cells, play a central role in determining the degree of immune responsiveness.;III Specificity of antigen;The effect of composition and spatial structure of chemical group on the hapten-antibody specificity;2、抗原决定基 （antigenic determinant）：抗原分子中决定抗原特异性的特殊的化学基团，它是TCR/BCR及抗体特异性结合的基本单位，又称表位( epitope )。;Epitope or Antigenic Determinant;5、 antigenic valence (抗原的结合价);;;**on surface of molecule ;（2）T cell epitope;;;Comparison of epitope of T and B cell;;8、 common antigen and cross-reaction;The reaction that antibody reacts with same or similar antigenic determinant between the different antigens is called cross-reaction.;IV type of antigen; TI and TD antigen;;When the immune system encounters a conventional T-dependent antigen, only a small fraction (1 in 104 -105) of the T cell population is able to recognize the antigen and become activated (monoclonal/oligoclonal response). However, there are some antigens which polyclonally activate a large fraction of the T cells (up to 25%). These antigens are called superantigens.;;V Adjuvant (免疫佐剂);The different results after foreign antigen enter the body;Antigen（抗原） Antigenicity （抗原性） Immunogen（免疫原） Immunogenicity（免疫原性） Toleragen（耐受原） Allergen（变应原）