高分子材料加工技术专业英语 Plastics Industry 43.Plastics-Testing-and-Properties.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Environmental Properties Pay close attention to the environment to which the part will be exposed during Processing Secondary Operations Assembly End Use Chemical exposure and weather conditions may determine which plastic you choose Environmental Properties Water Absorption Hydrolytic Degradation Chemical Resistance Weatherability Gas Permeability Water Absorption Plastics absorb water to varying degrees, depending on their molecular structure, fillers and additives Adversely affects both mechanical and electrical properties and causes swelling Measures the amount of water absorbed as a percent of total weight Hydrolytic Degradation Exposing plastics to moisture at elevated temperature can lead to hydrolysis A chemical process that severs polymer chains by reacting with water Reduces the molecular weight and degrades the plastic Degree of degradation depends on Exposure time Temperature Stress levels Chemical Resistance Chemical Resistance of a plastic depends on The chemical Exposure time and temperature Stress level Type of chemical attack varies with the plastic and the chemical Degradation Stress cracking Swelling Consider all substances a part will encounter Manufacturing Assemble Storage End Use Weatherability Plastics in outdoor use are exposed to weather that can affect the performance of the part Ultraviolet radiation can cause embrittlement, fading and surface cracking Actual and accelerated testing Additives and higher molecular weight can improve stability Gas Permeability Measures the amount of gas that can pass through a plastic in a given time Used in packaging and medical applications, where the plastic forms a barrier Other Properties Other Properties Density Specific Gravity Specific Volume Transmittance Refractive Index Flammability Density Mass per unit volume Useful in converting volume into part weight and cost calculations E