英语语助动词.pptVIP

助动词  什么是助动词? 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助 动词( Auxiliary verb)。被协助的动词称 作主要动词( Main verb) 助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。如: He doesn t ike Eng i sh.他不喜欢英语。 ( doesnt是助动词,无词义;|ike是主要 动词,有词义)  分类及简介 助动词分为:基本助动词,情态助动 司,半助动词。 今基本助动词:be,do,have 情态助动词:shal,wil, shou ld, would. could 令半助动词:以be为中心成分,以have 为中心成分,以seem为中心成分。  、基本助动词 助动词be的用法: 1)be+现在分词,构成进行时态。如 They are having a meeting English is becoming more and more important 2)be+过去分词,构成被动语态。如: The window was broken by tom Eng l ish is taught throughout the wor Id 3)be+动词不定式,可表示最近、未来的计划或安 排。如: He is to go to New York next week We are to teach the fresh per sons  助动词have的用法 1)have+过去分词,构成完成时态。如: He has left for London By the end of last month, they had fini shed half of the ir work 2)have+ben+现在分词,构成完成进行时。如 I have been study ing Eng l ish for ten years 3)have+been+过去分词,构成完成式被动语态。 Eng l ish has been taught in china for many ar s  助动词do的用法: )构成一般疑问句。如: Do you want to pass the CET? 2)do+not构成否定句。如: le doesnt like to study. In the past, many students did not know the i mpor tance of Eng l i sh. 3)构成否定祈使句。如: Dont be so absent-minded 说明:构成否定祈使句只用0,不用 did和does。  4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语 Do come to my birthday party i did 5)用于倒装句,例如: Never did i hear of such a thing Only when we begin our col lege life do we real ize the impor tance of engl i sh 只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英 语的重要性。 说明:引导此类倒装句的副词有 never, seldom, rarely,litt,only,so,wl等。  6)用作代动词,例如: Do you like Beijing? Yes. do (do用作代动词,代替 l ike be i jing.) He knows how to drive a car doesnt he? 他知道如何开车,对吧?  二、情态助动词 1 can/could 令(1)指主观能力。 Gan指现在和将来。指过去的能力一般用was/ were able to How long can you ho d your breath under water? That is easy I can do that tomorrow coul d have done用于虛拟语气指“过去本来能够却没有” she shou ld have exp l ai ned the mystery 她本可以解释这个秘密的。 令(2)表可能。Can表可能时常用于疑问句和否定句,指某 事是否事实 Can it be true? We can’ t change a I He said he couldn t agree more  令(3)表允许用于非正式场合。 Gan在肯定疑问句中表要求在否定句中表禁止 You can smoke in the entrance ha l Can you lend me 2yuan