句子成分及种类.pdfVIP

句子成分 句子结构 一、 句子成分 句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语等。 主语和谓语是句子的必 需部分 ；宾语、表语和补足语是句子的必要部分 ；其他成分如状语和定语， 是句子的辅助部分 。 有些句子还带有感叹语、插入语，它们在句法上与句子其他成分不存在关系，称为独立成分。 1. 主语 : 主语是句中动作、行为、性质或状态的主体，是一个句子谈论的主题。主语可以由名 词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来充当。 Some people can ’t use the computer. (名词作主语 ) He teaches us English. (代词作主语 ) Three and five is eight. (数词作主语 ) To read in bed is bad for your eyes. (不定式作主语 ) Eating more vegetables is good for us. (动名词短语作主语 ) That you forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused me lots of trouble. (从句作主语 ) (广东 )Do you need more time to complete the task? Yes, another ten days _____ enough. A, is B, are C, was D, were 2. 谓语 : 谓语用来说明主语的行动、动作或所处的状态。谓语由动词或短语动词充当，一般放 在主语之后。谓语可分为简单谓语和合成谓语。 The boy speaks Japanese. (简单谓语 ) Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. (简单谓语 ) I can play the baseball. (合成谓语 ) Our city becomes more beautiful. (合成谓语 ) 3. 宾语 : 宾语表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式或起名词作 用的其他成分充当。 I bought a book . (单宾语，名词 ) The news surprisedus. (单宾语，代词 ) He told me the news about it. (双宾语，代词 / 名词 ) A friend lent some money to me. (双宾语， 名词 /代词 ) We consider him an honest boy . (复合宾语 ) Mr. Wang always makes his classes interesting. (复合宾语 ) 4. 表语：表语用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等，与前面的连系动词一起构成系表结 构作复合谓语。 My pen friend is an American boy. (名词 ) This book isn ’t mine. (代词 ) He was the first to come to school yesterday. (数词 ) The man looks strong. (形容词 ) My father is out. (副词 ) His job is to clean the school. (动词不定式短语 ) The dictionary is in the bag. (介词短语 ) Wasting time is killing yourself. ( 动名词短语 ) The trouble is that she has lost his phone number. (从句 ) 5. 定语：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分，分为前置定语和后置定语两种。 （1） 前置定语：常用来充当前置定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格，动词 -ing 形式 等。 We had agood time in the park. (adj.) His father is doct