《基础医学各论3》资料：单词和解答.docxVIP

感觉器官 Adequate stimulus? 适宜刺激Adaptation?? ?适应Refractive system ?? ?折光系统Retina?? ?视网膜Pupil?? ?瞳孔Astigmatism? 散光Blind point? 盲点Color vision? 色觉Cone? 视锥细胞Convergence reflex? 会聚反射Dark adaptation? 暗适应Light adaptation? 明适应Hyperopia 远视Myopia? 近视Presbyopia ?? ?老花眼Scotopic Vision System?? ?暗视觉系统Photopic Vision System?? ?明视觉系统Macula lutea?? ?黄斑Fovea centralis?? ?中央凹Nystagmus? 眼震颤Papillary light reflex? 瞳孔对光反射Reduced eye? 简化眼Rhodopsin? 视紫红质Visual acuity? 视敏度Visual field? 视野 Cochlea 耳蜗the basilar membrane 基底膜Microphonic potential 微音器电位Vestibular Apparatus 前庭器官vestibulocochlear organ 前庭蜗器external ear 外耳tympanic membrane 鼓膜tympanic cavity 鼓室auditory tube 咽鼓管cochlea 耳蜗vestibule 前庭vestibular window 前庭窗（卵圆窗）cochlear window 蜗窗(圆窗)membranous labyrinth 膜迷路cochlear duct 蜗管spiral organ （Corti）螺旋器（柯蒂氏器）saccule 球囊utricle 椭圆囊semicircular canals 骨半规管semicircular ducts 膜半规管 cetral nervous systemperpheral nervous systemNeuron，glial celldendriteaxonaction potentialsynapseaxoplasmic transportNeurotrophin action potentialsynapsepostsynaptic potentialneuromuscular junctionsynaptic plasticityEPSPIPSPneurotransmitterreflexreflex arc Motor unit??运动单位 Spinal shock??脊休克 Stretch reflex??牵张反射 Nociceptor??伤害感受器 Referred pain??牵涉痛 Presynaptic inhibition??突触前抑制 Postsynaptic inhibition??突触后抑制 Specific projection system??特异性投射系统 Nonspecific projection system??非特异性投射系统 Reflex??反射 Conditioned reflex??条件反射 Decerebrate rigidity??去大脑僵直 Non-associative learning?非联合型学习 Associative learning?联合型学习 Habituation?适应 Sensitization?敏感化 Operated conditioned reflex?操作性条件反射 Second signaling system?第二信号系统 Declarative memory陈述性记忆 Procedural memory (reflexive memory)?程序性记忆（反射性记忆） Synaptic plasticity?突触可塑性 Long-term potentiation (LTP)?长时程增强 Long-term depression (LTD)?长时程抑制 Hippocampus?海马 Dendrite spine树突棘 Amnesia?失忆症 Anterograde amnesia顺行性遗忘 Retrograde amnesia?逆行性遗忘 Dominant hemisphere?优势半球 Brocas area?布洛卡区 Wernickes area?韦尼克区 Motor aphasia?运动性失语 Sensory aphasia?感觉性失语 Alex