高中英语虚拟语气讲解与练习-.docVIP

虚拟语气(一 英语有两种语气——陈述语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气表示事实上发生的事情或客观存在的情况。虚拟语气表示假定、想象、愿望等非事实观念。 Ⅰ.虚拟语气在条件句中主要有以下几种情况。 (1.表达与现在的事实相反的假设或想象: 条件从句主句 If + 主语 + 过去式,主语 + should/would + 动词原形If + 主语 + were,主语 + would/should + 动词原形其中,should用于第一人称,would可用于各个人称。 If I had enough money, I should/would buy a camera. 假如我有足够的钱,我就买一架照相机。 If I were rich, I would help the poor. 假如我富有,我愿帮助穷人。 (2.表达与过去事实相反的假设或想象: 条件从句主句 If + 主语 + had + 过去分词,主语 + should/would have + 过去分词 If I had had enough money, I would have bought a car. 如果我有足够的钱,我就买新车了。 (= I didn’t have enough money, so I didn’t buy it. (事实上我那时没有钱,所以我没买它→表示与过去的事实相反。 If it had not rained yesterday, we should have gone fishing. 假如昨天没下雨的话,我们就钓鱼去了。 (3表达与将来事实相反的假设或想象,有三种形式: 条件从句主句 If +主语+ should + 动词原形,主语 + should/would + 动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go. 万一明天下雨,我就不去。 注意:if从句的动词形式不分人称与数,一律用“should+动词原形” 条件从句主句 If +主语 + were to + 动词原形,主语 + should/would +动词原形 If I were to go abroad, I would go to America. 倘若我要出国,我就到美国。 条件从句主句 If +主语 +动词过去式,主语 + should/would +动词原形 If he went to the party, he would be disappointed. 他如果去参加聚会的话,他会后悔的。 时态形式混用的虚拟语气用法: (4 在条件状语从句中,常会出现主句所表示的行为所发生的时间与从句表 示的行为的时间不一致。 If you had gone to bed early last night, you would not be so sleepy now. 如果你昨晚早些睡觉,你现在就不会这么困了。 If I were you, I wouldn’t have gone to the party last night. 如果我是你的话,我昨晚就不会去参加那个聚会。 (5条件从句if的省略: 当从句中有were,过去分词had, 或should时,if经常省略。此时,主语后面的主动词(were,had,should等被移至句首。 Were I a bird, I would fly to you. = If I were a bird, I would fly to you, 假如我是一只鸟,我愿飞到你那儿去。 Should it rain tomorrow, I would not go there. = If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go there. 万一明天下雨,我就不去那儿。 (6虚拟语气与陈述语气混用: 在句中有but, otherwise等表示转折的词语时,两个分句中可能会分别使用虚拟语气和陈述语气。 论及现在的情形: He would gain weight but he doesn’t eat much. 他有可能增重的(虚拟语气,可是他吃得太少(陈述语气。 论及过去的情形: I would have gone with you to the party, but I had to study. 我原本可以和你一起去参加晚会(虚拟语气,但是,我得学习(陈述语气。 Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 (⒈在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。(wish后的that 常省略,根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him. (⒉在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(d