(完整版)翻译笔记.docVIP

第一次课 好英文：主次分明，逻辑严密，主三次八（主则主句  主谓 主系表，次则从句 名形介副 非谓三 各种短语） 好中文：音调和谐，结构匀称，具体表现凡十：双声（声母相同  eg 坎坷， 迷茫），叠韵（韵母相同 eg 彷徨，徜徉），叠音，双音节，四字格，对仗，平仄， 量词准（找准比喻角度，活用动量词 eg.一本芭蕉），动词活（ eg.眉毛一扬，头 发一甩 general／specific words ） 活用动词四法：具体，高频，靠近，连用 好译文：faithful and smooth 忠通 脱读是文章 对读没走样（content style ） 翻译：技巧，语言比较，相关表达 怎么学： reading － observing －imitating －producing （speaking writing translating ） 条件：三语让 之间 之外 技巧全攻略：增减逆顺转类换 正反拆合引申难 增减－ eg.汉译英代词增加 逆顺－英文先主后客，中文先客后主 拆合－英译汉 多拆；汉译英 多合 引申－深 宽 抽象事物具体化 1.风在吼，马在叫，黄河在咆哮，河东河西高粱熟，万山丛中游击健儿逞英豪。 Wind howling ，horses neighing ，the Yellow River roaring. Sorghum ripe on both banks, the guerilla soldiers are fighting bravely in mountains beyond mountains. 2.广出猎，见草中石以为虎而射之，中石，没全族，视之，石也，因复更射之，终不能入矣。（三个左右的动词合一次，取一个最重要的做谓语） Once out on a hunting trip, General Li Guang mistook a rock in the grass for a tiger and shoot an arrow at it. He hit it with such force that the tip of the arrow get inside the rock. Later he discovered it to be only a rock. Thus, he wanted to try shooting again but was unable to pierce it. 3.松下问童子，言师采药去。只在此山中，云深不知处。 When asked under a pine tree, your boy replied my master is gone for herbs in these mountains, but I don ’ t know where for the thick clouds. 4.The prisoners of war are allowed to write censored letters. 战俘可以写信，但需经过审查。 5.I wouldn ’ t have eaten it only I ’ m too ladylike to take it out of my mouth. 我本不想吃，但是吐出来也太不淑女了。 6.My bringing had been more of a wild boy than that of a young lady. 我接受的教养，与其说是淑女的教养，倒不如说是野小子。 7.枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。黄昏时归巢的乌鸦盘旋在缠绕着枯藤的老树上。 At dark, returning crows hovering over on the trees wrapped with decayed lines. A farmer house beside a brook is under a small bridge. A heart broken man on mean horse along the ancient path with travelling far far away from home in the west wind against the setting sun. 第二次课 英语 5 种基本句型：主谓 主系表 主谓宾 主谓间宾直宾 主谓宾＋宾补 英语 7 种常用短语：名形介副非谓三eg： I found a man lying in front of my door. I found him hurt by the careless words that I made.