现在完成时句型、用法和例句.docxVIP

现在完成时 构成 助动词 have/has + 过去分词 :肯定句 I have worked.He has worked. 否定句 I have not (havent ) worked.He has not (hasnt )worked . 疑问句 Have you worked ?Has he worked ? 回答 Yes，I have. / No , I havent .Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt. 功能及意义 表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常由下列副词修饰： ever 曾经， never 从不， already 已经， yet 还（未）， yet 只用在否定句和疑问句中），just 刚刚， recently，lately 近来， so far 迄今为止 = until now, up to now， before 以前 例： Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过 xx 吗？ I have never heard of such a man我.从没有听说过那个人。 We have just had lunch 我们刚刚吃过午饭 I have already returned your money.我已经把钱还给你了。 I havent found my book yet. （否）我还没有找到笔记本 Have you done your homework yet?（疑） 你做作业了吗？ Have you heard from him recently ? 你最近收到他的来信了吗？ So far, no one has made any mistakes yet迄.今为止 还没有人犯错误 I have never traveled by plane before .我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过 1 / 5 表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与下列时间状语连用： for + 一段时间 I have learned English for 8 years → since + 过去的一个时间点 I have learned English since 2001 since + 一段时间 + ago I have learned English since 8 years ago → since + 时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句 I have learned English since I was 5 years old in the past/last +时间段 We have had two English exams in the past two months近两个月来我们进行了 2 次英语考试 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years近十年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 三 延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法 现在完成时中， 与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。 我离开这所学校已经八年了。 误 ： I have left this school for eight years（×） 他借用我的词典已经两天了 误： He has borrowed my dictionary for two days（×） 2 / 5 非延续动词与一段时间连用时，可做相应转化 因此中例句正确形式分别为 我离开这所学校已经八年了。 正 ： I have been away from this school for eight years（√） 他借用我的词典已经两天了 正： He has kept my dictionary for two days（√） 其它非延续性动词与时间段连用时的变形 buy → haveborrow → keep, fall asleep→ be asleepleave → be away begin → be ondie →dead,be join → be in或 be a member ofreturn → be back marry → be marriedcatch a cold → have a cold 在否定句中短暂性动词可与 xx 连用 I havent gone to see him for several months（ 我已经好几个月没有去看他了） I havent bought anything for two months 四 区分 have been to +地点 ; 表示去过某个