政治心理学复习.pdfVIP

。 政治心理学期末复习 一、选择题 1、Perception: it is through our senses that our minds make contact with the world around it. Somepsychologists have posited a mental capacity for the brief storage of sensory information as it is processed, usually a quarter of a second in duration. However, our senses take in vastly more information than the mind is ever capable of processing. If we label those sensory inputs perception, than we perceive more than we notice. 通过我们的感官，我们的思想与周围的世界接触。 一些心理学家在处理感官信息时，通 常持续时间为四分之一秒，因此提出了精神能力。 然而，我们的感官获取的信息远远超过 大脑能够处理的信息。 如果我们标记那些感官输入感知，那么我们比我们注意到的更多。 2 、Cognition : the mind apparently builds a “filter ” that helps it decide which sensory inputs are worthy of more detailed processing, which processing we would call cognition. 头脑显然建立了一个“过滤器” ，帮助它决定哪些感官输入值得更详细的处理，我们称之 为认知的处理。 3 、Filters : include stereotypes （模式化观念） , biases （偏见）, heuristics （启 发式教学） 4 、Bounded rationality : 有限理性 stems from our inability to know everything, think everything, and understand everything. 有限理性：有限理性源于我们无法了解一切，思考一切，理解一切。 5 、Anchoring fallacy ：先入为主 the anchoring fallacy points out that when trying to makean estimation, humans usually begin at a starting point that maybe relatively arbitrary. 锚定谬误： 先入为主锚定谬误指出， 当试图做出估计时， 人类通常从一个可能相对随意的 起点开始。 6 、Attributions : Beliefs are often called attributions in the psychological literature. These are beliefs about causality in the world 归因：信念通常被称为心理学文献中的归因。 这些是关于世界因果关系的信念 . 7 、 Values: Values refer to the relative ranking individuals use to justify preferring one thing over another. 价值是指个人用来证明偏好一件事而不是另一件事的相对等级。 8 、 More specifically, Huntington predicts that a Confucian-Islamic axis