消化系统课件：消化生理.pptVIP

主要成分：为粘液和碳酸氢盐(pH8.3~8.4)。 大肠液的主要作用：是保护肠粘膜免遭机械损伤和润滑大便。 大肠内细菌：多种(主要有大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌等)，呈菌群集落方式分布，各菌群相互间能相互制约繁殖生存。若滥用抗菌素可导致菌群失调而致病。 有些细菌能利用食物残渣合成B族和K族维生素,产生SCFA(包括butyric acid, 对结肠上皮有保护作用），也能产生沼气、氨等有毒成分。 2. Secretion gut microbiota Sophie Viaud, et al. The Intestinal Microbiota Modulates the Anticancer Immune Effects of Cyclophosphamide. Science 22 November 2013: 971-976Noriho Lida, et al. Commensal Bacteria Control Cancer Response to Therapy by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment. Science 22 November 2013: 967-970. Elizabeth Pennisi. Cancer Therapies Use a Little Help From Microbial Friends. Science 22 November 2013: Vol. 342 no. 6161 p. 921 Outnumbering our own cells more than 10 to one, the microbes thriving peacefully in the human body help keep us healthy. New research shows they also aid in the treatment of cancer. The two studies find in mice that gut bacteria bolster the effects of three antitumor regimens by priming the immune system. In each case, when a mouses microbial residents are missing—as when antibiotics are given—the treatments are far less effective. Investigators warn against applying the mice findings to people, but already one of the researchers is being more cautious about prescribing antibiotics for her cancer patients. (1) Patterns of motility Haustration Peristalsis peristaltic mass movements 集团蠕动：通常始于横结肠，快速蠕动至降结肠或乙状结肠，产生便意。多在早餐或进食后发生，每日发生3~4次。可能由十二指肠-结肠反射引起。 3. Motility defecation (2) Defecation What are the two types of dietary fibers (insoluble vs. soluble)? Why are dietary fibers beneficial? What’s the relationship between dietary fibers gut microbiota? Which factors (conditions) may cause abnormality in defecation? Self learning questions: 1. Describe the general processes of mechanical chemical digestion of food the absorption of nutrients;2. Understand the mechanisms the control of gut motility; understand the functional role of different types of gut motility; 3. Describe the definition types of entero-endocine c