细胞生物学英文课件：内膜系统1.pptVIP

（二）The function of Golgi complex 1、Golgi complex is the transfer station of protein secretion Continual,unregulated discharge of material from the cells The discharge of products stored in cytoplasmic granules, in response to appropriate stimuli. (1) Constitutive secretion Proteins are continuously secreted from the cell regardless of environmental factors. Proteins are packaged in vesicles in the Golgi apparatus and are secreted via exocytosis, all around the cell. No external signals are needed to initiate this process. (2) regulated secretion Proteins are stored in cytoplasmic granules and only secreted in response to a specific signal. such as neural or hormonal stimulation. Cells that use the regulated secretory pathway are usually apical or polarized. 2、Golgi complex is the important place for produces synthetic（胞内物质加工合成的重要场所） Golgi complex plays a key role in the assembly of the carbohydrate component of glycoproteins and glycolipids. N-linked glycosylation? glycans attached to a nitrogen of asparagine（天门冬AA） or arginine（精AA） side-chains O-linked glycosylation glycans attached to the hydroxy oxygen of serine, threonine, tyrosine (1) The produces synthetic of glycoproteins N-linked glycosylation begin with addition of a 14-sugar precursor to an asparagine in the polypeptide chain of the target protein. N-glycosylation begins in the endoplasmic reticulum the protein is transferred to the Golgi apparatus where the glycans lose a variable number of mannose residues (甘露糖残基) and acquire a more complex structure during a process called ‘terminal glycosylation’. Modifications to N-linked oligosaccharides are completed in the Golgi complex. O-linked glycosylation (Golgi)： These modifications take place in the Golgi complex by the sequential addition of single sugar residues. The serine or threonine is usually linked directly to N-acetylgalactosamine（N-乙酰半乳糖胺）, to which other sugars can then be added. In some cases, these sugars are further modified by the ad