细胞生物学英文课件：细胞核V2.pptVIP

* * * Localization of NORs in Metaphase Chromosomes In metaphase chromosomes the NORs appear in many species as particularly thin regions, the secondary constrictions (Heitz 1931; McClintock 1934). Matsui and Sasaki, using a staining procedure known as N banding, concluded that the satellites, not the centromeres, or stalks(secondary constrictions), are the NORs. Dense fibrillar component Surrounding FC Containing nucleolar RNAs being transcribed . Compostion r RNA RNP Granular component Maturing ribosomal subunits are assembled in GC; Particle diameter: 15-20nm RNP: protein+rRNA Funtion of Nucleolus rRNA transcription and processing Ribosome Assembly rRNA transcription and processing rDNA in nucleolus( NORs) yielding a 45S ribosomal precursor RNA (RNA polymerase I ) rDNA outside of the nucleolus yielding 5S rRNA (RNA polymerase III) rDNA rRNA gene Processing of rRNA The 45S pre-rRNA is processed to 5.8S 18S and 28S rRNAs. 18S rRNA of the 40S (small) ribosomal subunit 5.8S and 28S rRNAs and 5S rRNA(Chr 1) from of the 60S (large) ribosomal subunit. rRNA transcription and processing Ribosome Assembly 5.8S 18S and 28S rRNAs: inside nucleolus ribosomal protein：cytoplasm→nucleolus 5S rRNA : outside of nucleolus → in nucleolus small and large ribosomal subunits： nucleolus → cytoplasm Ribosome Assembly How are multiple genomic processes organized and coordinated in space and time in the cell nucleus? Section IV The Nuclear Matrix The Nuclear Matrix nuclear matrix is the network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus and is somewhat analogous to the cell cytoskeleton, the nuclear matrix has been proposed to be a highly dynamic structure, perhaps more like a dynamic sponge with open compartments for free diffusion of molecules in the nucleus. Maintaining in situ functional domains on the nuclear matrix Chromosome Territories Splicing Factors Replication Sites Transcript Tracks Transcription Sites Extracting Nuclear Matrix Two-dimensiona