商务英语语用学教程课件 Chapter 5 Relevance Theory(1).pptVIP

a summary 语码模式code model：交际过程就是一种编码和解码的过程。 纯推理模式inferential model：推理是交际的基础。 明示推理模式ostensive-inferential model：说话者将其意图以某种刺激方式明示给听者，听者则根据所收到的刺激，结合当时的语境假设进行推理，寻找出最佳关联的解读。 Relevance Jim: Shall we go to the movie? Bob: OK. Kate: I have to prepare for my final exam. Whose answer is much more relevant, Bobs or Kates? Why? Cognitive Effects Relevance= ———————— Processing Effort Namely, other things being equal, the greater the contextual effects, the greater the relevance; and other things being equal, the smaller the processing efforts, the greater the relevance. A: 我抽烟你介意吗？ B1：不介意。（OR: 介意） B2: 你就像在家里一样好啦。 processing effort Types of contextual effects Strengthening an assumption Contradicting an assumption Deriving contextual implications contextual effects 在一定语境条件下，新信息与现有语境假设相互作用，产生了语境含义。 在一定语境条件下，新信息加强或证实了现有的语境假设。 在一定语境条件下，新信息与现有的语境假设相互矛盾或抵触。 （何自然，冉永平，2002） Examples A: Can you explain the reason for this accident? B: I have got five minutes till the end of this meeting. (B is not able to explain the reason for this accident now.新旧信息相互结合产生语境意义) A: When did you get here? B: Ten p.m.. （新信息加强旧信息） A: Could you take care of my sister tonight? B: I’d like to, but tomorrow I have an exam. （新信息排除旧信息） Examples A: Im on a diet these days. B: So you are not going to eat this hamburger. A: Do you feel homesick? B: No. Im not that family-oriented. Besides, I have so much to do. A: What about your exam? B: I failed. But I dont feel too bad anyway. 2 plus 3 is 5. My son is going to be 18 years old next year. Which utterance is more relevant? Why? Relevance: another definition The more inferences, the greater the relevance. Principles of relevance Cognitive principle of relevance: Human cognition tends to be geared to the maximization of relevance. Communicative principle of relevance: Every act of communication conveys a presumption of its own