八年级的英语语法现在完成时练习题及答案.docxVIP

八年 英 法 在完成 及答案 （1）构成： 在完成 由助 have + 去分 构成 , 助 have 有人称和数的 化 . 第三人称 数用 has, 其余用 have. 在完成 的否定式直接在助 后面加上 not 、疑 式是把 助 提到主 之前 . 以 study 例 , 其否定式、疑 式和 回 答形式如下： 否定式 疑 式 I have not (haven ’ t) studied ?.Have I studied?? You have not (haven’t) studied?. Have you studied?? He has not (hasn’t) studied?. Has he studied?? 否定疑 式 回答（肯定 / 否定） Have I not (Haven’t I) studied? ? Yes, you have. No, you haven’ t. Have you not (Haven’ t you) Yes, I have. No, I haven’ t. studied?? Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied? ? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. （2）用法： 1） 在完成 通常表示在 说话之前已经完成的动作 或存在的 状 . 人 的是 作或状 在的 果或影响 . 1/24 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿 出去 . I ’m sure we’ ve met before. 我肯定我 以前 面 . She has arrived. 她到了 . 2）表示持 到 在的 作或状 , 往往和包括 在在内的表 示一段 的状 用 , 如 recently, already, just, lately, for ? , since? ,yet 等. 如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 些日子我没有收到她 的信 . We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我 没有 到你 . They have been away for two years. 他 离开已 两年了 . She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： a) since 和 for 的区 since 后接 点 , 如 1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got there for 后接一段 , 表示“ 达多久” , 如 ten years, a while, two days 等. Exercise: 用 since 和 for 填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2/24 Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 oclock. India has been an independent country ______1974. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting ______ 20 minutes. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 2）表示短暂意义的动词如 arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die 等, 在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用 , 因为它们表示的动作不可能持续 . 因此 , 不能说： × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes 3/24 2）have (has) been 和 have (has) gone 的区别：表示