内科学教学课件：英文班泌尿系统疾病-总论.pptVIP

尿液检查 3.cylinderuria ： cast in urine→ protein coagulation in tubule→ cell/many granular casts proteinuria appear in the meantime is meaningful in clinic 原因：1、肾小球或肾小管性疾病 2、炎症、药物刺激使粘蛋白分泌少而形成 尿液检查 4 leucocyturia、pyuria、bacteriuria leucocyturia ：pyuria→5WBC/HP of fresh centrifugal urine/40 millions WBC/1hrs of fresh urine/100 millions WBC/12hrs; pyuria bacteriuria ： bacteria in every HP /cultured bacteria colonies 105/ml； GFR determination GFR: the ability of renal clearance of plasma substances per unit time Endogenous Ccr ( creatinine clearance rate) in clinic is the usual means of estimating GFR→ Recently, K/DOQI clinical practice guide recommend 2 formulas to calculate GFR: Cokcroff- Gault MDRD. Imaging tests ultrasonography CT MRI arteriography venography radionuclide, Common syndromes of renal diseases 1.Nephrotic syndrome: protein in urine 3.5g/d protein in plasma30g/d edema hyperlipemia 肾脏疾病常见综合征 2.Nephritis syndrome: proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension; 3.Asymptomatic urine abnormality: 4.Acute renal failure rapidly progressive renal failure syndrome: 5.Chronic renal failure syndrome: progressive irreversibly renal functional failure . Evaluation of renal diseases Etiology diagnose：primary or secondary pathology diagnose ：Nephritis, NS,AKI,proteinuria, hematuria, percutaneous renal biopsy function diagnose ：AKI、CKD complication diagnose ：ARF、CRF Prevention cure: Principle ＊ Wipe off inducement; ＊Common treatment; ＊Inhibit immune inflammation reactions; ＊Prevention and cure complication; ＊Postpone the progress of renal diseases; ＊Renal substitutive therapy Renal substitutive therapy→ only effective way for patients of terminal renal failure→ includes: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplantation; Pertoneal dialysis 腹膜透析交换 hemodialysis progression prospect Pathogenesis of renal diseases; Prevention treatmen