浅析合宪性审查的宪法政策论-宪法论文-法律论文-法学论文.docxVIP

浅析合宪性审查的宪法政策论-宪法论文-法律论文-法学论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 　　摘要：现行审查体制重在合法性审查, 并有吸纳甚或抵消合宪性审查的功能, 为此须确立以合宪性审查吸纳和引领合法性审查的新体制。现行审查体制至少存有四种弱点, 并且深陷两种悖论, 为此有必要设立一个高规格、有权威的宪法委员会专门从事审查工作, 就此共有五种设计方案, 其中四种可供最优化选择。现行体制曾在策略上自我削弱了应有的内在动力机制, 如今有必要确立个案受理反馈与审查程序公开等机制, 并相应建立前置性的案件筛选机制, 又可考虑形成与司法机关联动的合宪性审查优先移送机制。 　　关键词：合宪性审查; 宪法政策学; 合法性审查; 宪法委员会; 　　Abstract：The current review system focuses on the review of legality and has the function of absorbing or even offsetting the review of constitutionality, therefore a new system that constitutional review absorbs and guides the review of legality should be established.As the current review system has at least four weaknesses and falls into two paradoxes, it is necessary to build up a high standard as well as authoritative constitutional council to assume the task of review.Thus, there are five designing schemes, four of which may be adopted with optimization.The existing system has impaired strategically its own inner driving mechanism.At present, it is necessary to establish some mechanisms such as the acceptance-and-feedback of cases as well as the publicity of the process of review and to set up a filtrating mechanism as a pre-procedure.The mechanism of prior transference for constitutional review, acting as a linkage with judicial authorities, can also be taken into consideration. 　　Keyword：constitutional review; the science of constitutional politics; review of legality; constitutional council; 　　 十九大报告提出了一个令人瞩目的论断, 即:加强宪法实施和监督, 推进合宪性审查工作, 维护宪法权威。应该说, 这是执政党有关全面依法治国重大论述中的又一个点睛之笔, 对指导和推动我国宪法实践的发展具有重要意义。 　　所谓合宪性审查, 与违宪审查一体两面, 其实就是违宪审查的一种别称 (1) 。但从语词本身而言, 二者之间也有微妙差别, 主要在于:合宪性审查这个概念是从审查主体这个立场出发的, 倾向于体现审查主体所应秉持的合宪性推定原则的主体立场;[1]而违宪审查则是从审查提请主体的立场出发的, 尤其体现了宪法诉讼机制中的原告立场, 该词创生并盛行于日本宪法学界及司法实务界, 也恰好说明了这一点 (2) 。除此之外, 二者基本上并无径庭之别, 指的都是特定机关依据一定的法定程序对公共权力的行为 (主要是规范性法律文件) 是否符合宪法进行判断并做出相应处置的活动或制度。 　　然而正如笔者曾经指出的那样, 在新中国学术界, 迄今为止, 相关的用语则更加繁杂, 其中, 主要有宪法监督违宪审查和合宪性审查这三个用语, 且其重要性曾依次发生递嬗。尤其是此度合宪性审查一语为执政党的正式文件所援用 (3) , 本身可能预示着, 它果然有可能替代