十大经济学原理1－4.pdf

Part ⅠIntroduction 1. Ten Principles of Economics 经济学十大原理 1. People face tradeoffs. 人们面临权衡取舍 鱼与熊掌不可兼得 People face tradeoffs. Guns GDP Work Country Society individual Butter Environment Leisure time People face tradeoffs. Efficiency v. Equity • Efficiency means society gets the most that it can from its scarce resources. • Equity means the benefits of those resources are distributed fairly among the members of society. 2. The cost of something is what you give up to get it. 某东西的成本就是为得到它所放弃的东西 Tuition /Books /Rooms / board What is the cost of going to the college? No time to act in a movie No time No time to take a advertisement to make money! No time to take a vocal concert opportunity cost • The opportunity cost of an item is what you give up to obtain that item. opportunity cost ？ What’s your opportunity cost of sitting here now? Should the airline sell the ticket? • London—New York 10 vacancies • Airline: Air fare= $ 800 , Average cost = $ 500 I will pay $300 for Of Course this trip 3. Rational people think at the margin 理性人考虑边际量 • Rational People: People who systematically and purposefully do the best they can to achieve their objectives. • Marginal changes are small, incremental adjustments to an existing plan of action. People make decisions by comp