国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Diagnostic methods in medicine Part 3 - PET.pptVIP

* of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Positron emission tomography Positron emission tomography (PET) is a gamma ray emission technique that uses radiotracers that emit positrons. PET produces a three-dimensional image of functional processes in the body. PET imaging uses a specialised scanner to detect gamma rays. A gamma ray camera can also be used, but acquisition of the image is slower and the image resolutionis considerably lower. Positron emission tomography Positron emission tomography The time delay between the arrival of the pair of photons at opposite detectors is used to pinpoint areas of increased activity. Using the detector signals and the help of computer software, a 3D image is created. The two gamma ray photons are detected by a ring of gamma detectors that surround the patient. Positron emission tomography Once administered to the patient, PET scans can detect abnormal metabolic or chemical activity in the body. An advantage of PET over procedures that use radioactive tracers like technitium-99m is a greater availability of isotopes. Carbon-11, nitrogen-13, and oxygen-15 can be incorporated into compounds that are used by the body, such as glucose, water or ammonia, or molecules that bind to receptors or other sites of drug action. Fluorine-18 Fluorine-18?is a positron emitter with a half life of 110 minutes. It is synthesised into?fluorodeoxyglucose?(FDG), an analogue of glucose. FDG is the most commonly used tracer in PET scans. The short half-life minimises the radiation dose to the patient. It also means the radionuclide is usually produced?in close proximity to the PET imaging facility. Fluorine–18 FDG is used to assess glucose metabolism in the organs, such as the?heart, lungs, and the?brain. It is also used to diagnose tumours and monitor the treatment of cancers,