国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Electric Fields Part 3 - Electric potential.pptVIP

* of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 What is electric potential? If a positive test charge is moved from infinity to a position in an electric field, the electric potential energy (Ep) of that charge will change. In other words work is done on the charge. electric field Zero Ep can be set anywhere, but in electric fields around a point charge it is set at infinity. This is because the strength of the field would also be zero at infinity. positivetest chargeat infinity What is electric potential? Rearranging gives: The electric potential at a certain position in an electric field is the work done per unit positive charge when a positive test charge is moved from infinity to that position. electric potential energy = electric potential × charge Ep = QV V = Ep / Q electric potential = electric potential energy / charge In other words, electric potential is voltage, and is measured in volts (V) or joules per coulomb (J C-1). Electric potential and radial fields The electric potential, V, near a point charge, Q, at a distance r is given by the formula: 4πεor Q V = Example: What is the electric potential at a distance of 20.0 mm around a point charge of 1.40 × 10-8 C? V = 6294 V 4πεor Q V = 1.40 × 10-8 V = 4 × π × (8.85 × 10-12) × 0.02 Electric potential calculations Equipotentials Potential gradients Electric potential: summary Gravitational fields vs. electric fields * * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 2 Electric Fields * * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 2 Electric Fields * Teacher notes Students could be reminded that work done is equivalent to the energy transfer that takes place when a force moves an object. See the Boardworks Year 1 and AS Physics ‘Work, Energy and Power’ presentation for more information about work done and potential e