国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Capacitors Part 3 - Energy storage.pptVIP

* of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 What makes capacitors useful? Capacitors store electrical potential energy. The use of this energy as a power source is one of their main applications. The energy can be released quickly or slowly, depending on the resistance of the discharge circuit. If a capacitor is discharged slowly through a high resistance circuit, it produces a low current over a longer time. This can be useful as a temporary power supply, such as to power the internal memory of a device while its batteries are changed. If a capacitor is discharged quickly through a low resistance circuit, it produces a short burst of large current. This is how a camera flash is powered. Capacitors as energy sources Energy transfer in a defibrillator Energy stored in a capacitor A capacitor is charged up to 5 V. This means it stores 5 J of potential energy per coulomb of charge. When the capacitor is discharged, its voltage starts to drop, but if it is only discharged by a small amount, then the energy released is 5 JC–1. This is equal to the area of a small strip on the Q-V graph: The total energy stored is equal to the sum of all these strips, or the area under the graph: W = ? Q V The voltage is now lower, so if it is discharged by another small amount, the energy released is equal to the next small strip, etc. voltage V Q Energy storage equation Substitute this into the energy equation to find a new formula for W: Alternative energy storage equations W = ? Q V = ? C V × V W = ? Q2 / C The equation W = ? Q V gives the energy stored when a charge Q is stored on a capacitor at voltage V. How can the energy stored be calculated if only the capacitance and the voltage are known? What equation that links charge, capacitance and voltage? Q = C V the capacitor equation: Can you find an equation for W in terms of