国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Simple Circuits Part 3 - Kirchhoffs laws.pptVIP

* of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 27 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 27 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 27 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Kirchhoff’s first law Kirchhoff’s first law states that: The sum of the currents leaving any junction is always equal to the sum of the currents that entered it. The German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff established two laws which help us to understand the function of electric circuits. This law is based upon the idea of the conservation of charge: no charge can be lost or made in a circuit. Thus the sum of the currents at a junction should be zero. IIN = I1 + I2 … + In ΣI = 0 IIN I3 I2 I1 Using Kirchhoff’s first law The energy in a circuit What happens to the energy supplied to a circuit? Batteries and power supplies supply electrical energy to a circuit. Devices within the circuit transduce this energy: bulbs produce heat and light, resistors produce heat. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. All of the energy provided by a power supply must be used by the circuit. Voltage is the energy transferred to the charge in a circuit. The battery’s voltage is shared between the components, which transduce this energy into different forms. What is the conservation of energy? How does the voltage of a battery relate to the voltage measured across the devices in a circuit? Kirchhoff’s second law Kirchhoff’s second law is based upon the law of the conservation of energy. It states that: The total voltage across a circuit loop is equal to the sum of the voltage drops across the devices in that loop. Essentially, the energy you put into the circuit equals the energy you get out of each circuit loop. An equation can be produced for each loop in a circuit. For example: R1 I VIN V2 V1 R2 VIN = V1 + V2 VIN = IR1 + IR2 Simple uses of Kirchhoff’s second law There are 3 loops in the circuit. Each has a voltage drop equal to the input voltage according to the 2nd law. Further u