国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Magnetic Fields Part 5 - Transformers.pptVIP

Image credit: Power transformer in substation ? kanphiphat, Shutterstock, 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Magnetic Fields Part 5 * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Magnetic Fields Part 5 * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Teacher notes: An alternative view is to rearrange P = IV in terms of current: I = P / V Substitute this into P = I2R:P = I2R = P2R / V2 The higher the voltage is, the smaller the ratio of wasted power to power transmitted is. Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Magnetic Fields Part 5 * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Magnetic Fields Part 5 * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 57 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 57 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 57 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 57 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 57 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 57 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 57 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Transformers primary coil secondary coil A transformer changes the peak value of an alternating voltage. Transformers consist of two coils: the primary coil and the secondary coil. When an alternating voltage passes through the primary coil, an alternating magnetic field is created, which induces an alternating voltage (e.m.f.) in the secondary coil. The transformer rule Ns Ns? = Vs Vp Ns Np Np Np? –Np?? ?t Vp = –Ns?? ?t Vs = Dividing the equation for the e.m.f. of the secondary coil by the one for the primary coil gives the transformer rule: no. coils primary coil secondary coil flux linkage induced voltage(e.m.f.) In a step-up transformer: Ns Np so Vs Vp. In a step-down transformer: Ns Np so Vs Vp. Transformer efficiency (1) The efficiency is very high for a typical transformer. A laminated core reduces eddy currents, the wires have very low resistance and a soft iron core allows easy magnetising/demagnetising. transformer efficiency = power supplied by secondary coil power suppl