国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Gravitational Fields Part 4 - Energy of orbiting satellites.pptVIP

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国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Gravitational Fields Part 4 - Energy of orbiting satellites.ppt

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Teacher Notes The term escape velocity is a common misnomer. It refers to a speed (not a velocity) because it does not specify a direction. Photo credit: Space Shuttle’s Discovery STS-51 G launch in 1985 ? NASA * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Gravitational Fields Part 4 Teacher Notes The magnitude of the kinetic energy and the gravitational potential energy of the rocket is used. The complete calculation is explained as follows: Suppose the object must reach an infinite separation distance from the Earth. By conservation of energy, the total initial energy i at the surface of the Earth is equal to the total final energy f at an infinite altitude. So, (EK + EP)i = (EK + EP)f When the object reaches an infinite distance, it has a final speed, vf = 0, (so EKf = 0), and a final radius, rf = rmax, so (Epf = 0), given that EK = ? mv2 and EP = –GMEm/r). Substituting into the equation above: ? mvi2 + –GMEm/ri = 0 + 0 Solving for vi, vi = √(2GME /R) This initial velocity is the referred to as the escape velocity, ve. The escape velocity is the minimum speed the object requires, to go from an initial point in a gravitational field to infinity with a residual velocity of zero. * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Gravitational Fields Part 4 * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Gravitational Fields Part 4 Photo credit: Earth ? robert_S, shutterstock, 2015 * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Gravitational Fields Part 4 Photo credit: Springtime in the Gulf of Alaska ? NASA * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Gravitational Fields Part 4 Teacher notes The solar system value is with respect to the gravity of the whole galaxy. The average velocity of a gas molecule is inversely proportional to the molecular or atomic mass and directly proportional to the temperature. The distance a gas molecule can move away from the surface of a planet depends only on h