国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Electric Fields Part 1 - Coulombs law.pptVIP

* of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 What is electric charge? Electric charge is a feature of certain elementary particles, such as electrons and protons, that causes them to interact with each other. The unit of electric charge is the coulomb, C. One coulomb is equivalent to the charge transported by 1 ampere of current in 1 second. Protons have an electric charge of 1.60 × 10-19 C (e). Electrons have an electric charge of -1.60 × 10-19 C (-e). Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. Charges and electric fields An object is said to be ‘charged’ if it has an imbalance in positive and negative charges. In most cases, this is due to the addition or removal of electrons. Static electricity is a build-up of electric charge on the surface of an object due to the removal or addition of electrons, commonly caused by friction. A Van der Graaff generator uses a rubber belt rubbing against metal points to create a build-up of charge on the surface of a hollow metal sphere. Charges and electric fields All charged objects are surrounded by a region called an electric field. An electric field is a region where a charged particle will experience a force. Electric fields can be represented by electric field lines. The direction of the lines represents the direction of the field – it shows the direction a positive charge would move in the field. The distance between lines represents the strength of the field – the closer the lines, the stronger the field. Charged particle interactions Inverse-square law Coulomb’s experiments In 1783, the French physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb measured the electrostatic force between two electric charges. He deduced that the magnitude of the force, F, between charges Q1 and Q2 is: proportional to the product of Q1 and Q2 (i.e. Q1 × Q2) inversely proportional to the squa