国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Diagnostic methods in medicine Part 2 - Gamma camera.pptVIP

* of 6 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 6 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 6 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 6 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 6 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 6 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 6 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Gamma camera A gamma camera detects gamma photons emitted from a patient that has been given a radioactive medical tracer. This means that only photons travelling vertically can pass through the lead block. Any photons travelling sideways are absorbed by the lead. A lead block with thousands of vertical holes collimates the photons. This makes it clear where each photon has originated from inside the body. computer display photomultiplier tubes collimator or grid scintillator Gamma camera The photons enter a large sodium iodide crystal. Sodium iodide is fluorescent and scintillates when it absorbs a photon. This means it emits a tiny flash of light. Behind the sodium iodide crystal is an array of photomultiplier tubes. The array multiplies the light signal and gives an electrical pulse output for every flash. lead collimator tubes photomultipliers array sodium iodide crystal gamma emitter photomultiplier array position of scintillations Gamma camera The gamma camera allows doctors to image a specific part of the patient’s body in two or three dimensions, such as the organs or bones. computer display photomultiplier tubes collimator or grid scintillator The computer uses the output to calculate the position of each flash and builds up an image on a screen. Technetium-99m Gamma cameras are used to diagnose diseases of bones and the main organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. For example, bone growth is imaged by attaching technetium-99m to a molecule that is preferentially taken up by skeletal system. It has a half-life of 6 hours and it can be incorporated into many chemicals, so it can target different organs. Unlike techniques such as X-ray imaging, gamma cameras produce a functional (rather than anatomical) image. * ? Boardworks 2015 Bo