Unit8西方文化导论课件.pptVIP

Text Study Main Ideas Main Ideas Text Study Main Ideas Main Ideas Text Study Main Ideas Main Ideas Text Study Main Ideas Main Ideas Text Study Main Ideas Main Ideas Text Study Main Ideas Main Ideas ? The Background and Definition of Realism Background Political situation in Europe: French Revolution opened a wide road for capitalist development. The principles of equality, freedom and philanthropy were widespread. The bourgeois democratic revolution removed the barriers of the forces defending the monarchies. In the 19th century, the capitalist mode of production in Europe became more effective and established. Nonetheless, consequent social contradictions between the aspirations of bourgeoisie and the proletariat sharpened. Socialist ideology grew from the utopian stage to the practical stage, and thus Marxism, Darwinism and Positivism were born. Text Study Main Ideas Main Ideas Definition and Performance Realism as a mode of writing or creative expression dates back to ancient times. As early as Aristotles Poetics , realism was defined as a mode of copying from reality. It has been pursued universally in the arts and refers to the accurate, detailed, non- ornamented depiction of nature or human life. In the 19th century, realists inclined themselves to the exposition of social reality and condemnation of social evil and darkness. Text Study Main Ideas Main Ideas ? Realist Fiction and Painting Writer Works Common Feature of the Works Bleak House , i. criticism of the dark Charles Oliver Twist , forces of society Dickens David Copperfield ii. sympathy for the poor, Fiction the good and the weak William Vanity Fair iii. attacks against the Thackeray system or other deep- rooted social evils Anna Karenina , Leo Tolstoy The Resurrection iv. a mixture of diverse ideas Antony The Seagul , Chekhov The Three sisters Text Study Main Id