英文课件皮肤肿瘤课件.pptVIP

④ Histopathology ? The hallmark of actinic keratosis is the presence of dysplastic keratinocytes in the epidermis associated with prominent parakeratosis, which can alternate with orthokeratosis. In early lesions, dysplastic cells are scattered and involve the basal layers only. As the dysplasia spreads to the full thickness of the epidermis, the diagnosis of in situ SCC is warranted. ⑤ Treatment ? The main rationale for treating actinic keratoses is to prevent malignant transformation into SCC, but cosmesis and symptomatic relief may also play a role. ? Multiple treatment modalities, including surgical and medical options, are available. The treatment of choice must be tailored to the individual. Factors such as the number and location of the lesions, clinical subtype, and patient preference, must be taken into account. In many cases, a combination of surgical and medical treatments is optimal. Whenever the clinical diagnosis is not clear, a biopsy should be considered. ⑤ Treatment ? Procedural options include cryosurgery, curettage and electrodessication, dermabrasion, laser ablation with CO2 or erbium- YAG lasers, photodynamic therapy, medium-depth chemical peeling, and surgical excision. ? Medical treatment options are used mainly for patients with multiple or widespread lesions. These options include 5-fl uorouracil cream/solution, imiquimod cream, diclofenac gel, oral and topical retinoids, and interferon- α -2b. ? Regardless of the treatment modality chosen, photoprotection must always be advised in an attempt to prevent or reduce the number of actinic keratoses in the future. 6 、 Melanoma ? ? ? ? ? ① Definition and Epidemiology ② Pathogenesis ③ Clinical Presentation ④ Staging and Prevention ⑤ Treatment ① Definition and Epidemiology ? Cutaneous melanoma is a neoplasm that arises from melanocytes as a de novo lesion, but it may also develop from congenital or acquired nevi. Other potential sites in which melanomas can form include mucous membranes, retina, lep